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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

types of muscles that are striated

A

Cardiac and skeletal

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2
Q

Which type of muscle has branching cells

A

cardiac muscle

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3
Q

what is a single cell of skeletal muscle called

A

a muscle fiber

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4
Q

sarcolemma

A

thin plasma membrane that surronds skeletal muscles

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5
Q

spindle shaped sells that form sheets of muscle

A

smooth muscle

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6
Q

muscle type with one nucleus

A

smooth

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7
Q

location of smooth muscle

A

walls of hollow organs

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8
Q

location of cardiac muscle

A

heart

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9
Q

Location of skeletal muscle

A

attached to bones and occasionally skin

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10
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

Locomotion, manipulation of environment and facial expression

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11
Q

function of smooth muscle

A

propels substances through hollow organs

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12
Q

function of cardiac muscle

A

propels blood

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13
Q

Involuntary muscles

A

cardiac and smooth

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14
Q

what is the most common tupe of tissue in the body

A

skeletal muscle

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15
Q

How many nuclei in skeletal muscle

A

20 or more

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16
Q

Excitability/Irritability

A

ability to respond to a stimulus

q

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17
Q

contractibility

A

forcefully shorten

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18
Q

extensibility

A

strech beyond resting length

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19
Q

Elasticity

A

recoil back to original resting length

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20
Q

Conductivity

A

cells can propagate action potentials

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21
Q

Epimysium

A

fibrous connective tissue surrounding skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Perimysium

A

surrounds muscle fasicles

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23
Q

fascicles

A

bundles of muscle cells

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24
Q

Endomysium

A

surrounds each individual muscle ceel/ fiber

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25
Q

Site of aerobic respiration in skeletal muscles

A

mitochondria

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26
Q

Organelle responsible for muscle contraction

A

Myofibril

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27
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulm

A

net that surrounds muscle fibers,

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28
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum function

A

Controls calcium levels by storing and releasing

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29
Q

T-Tubules

A

tubes that run around muscle fibers by the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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30
Q

T-tubules function

A

allow for rapid transmission of “action potentials”

31
Q

name of the muscles cytoplasm

A

sarcoplasm

32
Q

What are myofibrils composed of

A

two kinds of myo fillaments

33
Q

what are the two types of myo filaments

A

Myosin and Actin

34
Q

Which is thicker, myosin or Actin

A

Myosin

35
Q

Myo filament that looks like a string pearls

A

Actin

36
Q

Myofillament that looks like a tree trunk with barnacles

A

Myosin

37
Q

Basic functional unit of skeletel muscle

A

Sacromere

38
Q

Sacromere

A

Section of a muscle fiber seperated by Z line

39
Q

Structure of Actin

A

of two strings of monomers wrapped around each other

40
Q

Structure of Myosin

A

Unusual shape: one end is shaped like a long rod and the other end is double headed (like…a 2-headed snake OR a 2-headed golf club).

41
Q

Alpha-Actinin

A

anchors the actin to the z line on bothe ends

42
Q

Troponin-tropomyosin function

A

prevents myosin-actin bonding during relaxation and facilitates bonding during contraction

43
Q

how does a sarcomere contract

A

when the heads of the myosin filament pull on the 2 actin filaments

44
Q

why does a myo fibril contract

A

simultaneous contraction of sarcomeres in a myofibril

45
Q

why does a muscle fiber contract

A

Because all sacromeeres in all myofibrils contract simultaneously

46
Q

how quickley is ATP depleted

A

6 seconds (once vigorours activity starts)

47
Q

Jpw dpes ADP interacte with creatine phosphate

A

anerobicly

48
Q

creatine phosphate

A

high energy compound stored in muscles

49
Q

How quickly does ADP react with creatine

A

almsot instaentaneously

50
Q

how long can creatine phosphate and ADP sustain maximum muscle power

A

10-15

51
Q

Glycolysis

A

the initial pathway of glucose respiration, forms 2 pryuciv acid and a small amount of ATP

52
Q

when there is an oxygen shortage, what happens to the pyruvic acid

A

it is converted into lactic acid (less efficient byt faster)

53
Q

how long does anaerobic respiration provide ATP

A

30-40 minutes

54
Q

what produces most of the ATP

A

respiration

55
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Whem muscles are actively contracting, glucose becomes the primary fuel source.

56
Q

where does aerobic respiration occur

A

the mitochondria

57
Q

what does Aerobic respiration require

A

oxygen

58
Q

results of aerobic respiration

A

glucose is broken down completley, resulting in large amounts of Atp

59
Q

activities associated with anerobic repiration

A

tennis and soccer

60
Q

activities associated with aerobic repiration

A

jogging and marathon runs

61
Q

how many places are muscles attached to bone usually

A

two

62
Q

insertion

A

the moveable bone

63
Q

the origin

A

the immovable or less moveable bone

64
Q

how do muscles create movement

A

pulling (nevr pushing)

65
Q

what are skeletal muscles controlled by

A

a neuron

66
Q

where are neurons located

A

Neroumascular junction

67
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

gap between terminal end of the neuron and the muscle

68
Q

what initaties muscle movement

A

nerve impulse

69
Q

action potential

A

wave of depolarization along the nerve membrane

70
Q

motor endplate

A

point where the nuron’s axon is attached to the muscle fiber

71
Q

what happens when the wave of depolarization reaches the motor endplate

A

the membrane of the axons synaptic knob release acetylcholine into

72
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmiter across neuromuscular junction

73
Q

why cant myosin interact with actin in resting muscle

A

the myosin heads are covered with tropinin

74
Q

what happens when tropanin binds with calcium

A

they change shape and are repositioned to not interfere with the myosin and actin

Anatomy (9 decks)

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