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Anatomy > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

left side of heart pumps blood where

A

the body

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2
Q

right side of heart pumps blood where

A

the lungs

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3
Q

which part of the heart is biggest

A

left (more muscle)

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4
Q

Atrium

A

chambers above the ventricles

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5
Q

chambers on the bottom of the heart where the blood is squeezed

A

Ventricles

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6
Q

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

valve between left ventricle and left atrium

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7
Q

tricuspid valve

A

valve between right ventricle and right atrium

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8
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

valve between right ventricle and pullmonary artery

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9
Q

aortic valve

A

valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

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10
Q

vena cava

A

vein that brings blood back to the heart (superior and inferior)

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11
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

artery that sends blood to the lungs

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12
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

veins that return blood from the lungs to the heart

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13
Q

arteriole

A

small arteries

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14
Q

venule

A

small veins

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15
Q

capillar

A

where arterioles meed venules and blood delivers oxygen to cells

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16
Q

Heart Failure

A

when the heart for some reason can’t keep an adequate blood flow

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17
Q

coronary circulation

A

the veins and arteries surroundig the heart that give it oxygen

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18
Q

Where do coronary arteries branch off of

A

Aorta

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19
Q

Coronary sinus

A

veins on the heart

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20
Q

Coronary Artery Disease

A

IF flow through Coronary ateries is resticted you could feel pressure or pain in your chest

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21
Q

Treatments for coronary artery disease

A

lowering stress, stopping smoking, and eating less cholesterol and fatty foods; Bypass surgery or angioplasty

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22
Q

Angioplasty

A

Mechanically widening a blocked vessel (commonly done with a balloon)

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23
Q

Myocardial infarctoin

A

heart attack

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24
Q

what causes cardiac arrest

A

cardiac muscle cells lose ozygen and die

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25
Q

fibliration

A

when the heart beat is irregular (arrhythmia)

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26
Q

ventricular fibliration

A

normal heart rhythem disrupted because heart muscles stimulate each other too fast, making the pumping uncoordinated

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27
Q

Most effective way to treat cardiac arrest

A

defiblirator

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28
Q

EKG

A

Electrocardiogram

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29
Q

what does an EKG do

A

measures electrical events in the heart (useful in detecting arrhythmias)

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30
Q

Auscilation

A

listening to the heart

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31
Q

what tool is used in Ausculation

A

stehtescope

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32
Q

how many heart sounds are there

A

4

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33
Q

how many heart sounds are detectable

A

1st and second

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34
Q

1st heart sound

A

start of ventricular systole caused by the closing of the AV valves

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35
Q

venticular systole

A

venticular contraction

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36
Q

AV valves

A

Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves

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37
Q

2nd heart sound

A

start of ventricular diastole as semilunar valves close

38
Q

Ventricular Diastole

A

ventricular relaxation

39
Q

semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmonary

40
Q

3rd heart sound

A

blood flowing into ventricles

41
Q

4th heart sound

A

contraction of the atriums

42
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

dcommon valve abnormality caused by mitral (bicuspid) bave not closing properly

43
Q

what happens to the heart sounds during Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

regurgitation of the blood causes a gurgling sound (heart murmur)

44
Q

How common is Mitral Valve prolapse

A

10% of people 14-30 have it

45
Q

how dangerous in Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

most people are asymptomatic and live normal, healthy lives

46
Q

Treatment for severe Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

valve replacement surgery

47
Q

CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

A

Heart’s specialized conduction sustem

48
Q

In what order does the impuls of the Cardiac conduction system travel

A

SA node to AV node, to atrioventricular bundle, to the
purkinje fibers, and finally to the
papillary muscles

49
Q

Tachycardia

A

faster than normal heart rate (caused by abnormal pacemaker function)

50
Q

bradycardia

A

slower than average heart rate (caused by abnormal pacemaker function)

51
Q

normal heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

52
Q

Pace Maker

A

SA node

53
Q

Treatment for disfunctioning pacemaker

A

surgically attach an artificial one

54
Q

function of the atriums

A

recieving chambes

55
Q

three arteries that branch off from the aortic arch

A

The brachiocephalic artery, the left carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.

56
Q

what is the chordae tendinaese

A

attaches to the papillary muscles, it connects the left and right atrioventicular valves together

57
Q

Cardiac catherization

A

dye is injected into the blood to make it show up on an xray

58
Q

what is an E/A ratio

A

ratio of blood pumped early to blood that flows through atrium

59
Q

have you studied th ekg picture thing

A

maybe

60
Q

Which wave segment of an EKG show the depolarization (contraction) of the atria?

A

The PR segment

61
Q

Which wave segment of an EKG show the depolarization (contraction)
of the ventricles?

A

QRS

62
Q

Which wave segment of an EKG show the repolarization (relaxation)
of the ventricles?

A

The T wave

63
Q

What would the heart of a person with a murmur sound like?

A

Lubb-dubb-swish

64
Q

\What are the basic components of blood?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, platelets, and plasma

65
Q

How much of blood is plasma?

A

55%

66
Q

How much of blood is plasma?

A

55%

67
Q

How much of plasma is water?

A

90%

68
Q

Erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells that carry oxygen and Carbon dioxide

68
Q

Erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells that carry oxygen and Carbon dioxide

69
Q

Leukocytes?

A

White blood cells that defend the body from toxins and foreign microbes

70
Q

platelets?

A

Cell fragments that help with blood clotting

71
Q

How are antigens responsible for blood type?

A

Antigens are glycoprotein molecules on red blood cells that allow the body to know that the specific red blood cell belongs in the body.

72
Q

Tunicia intima

A

inner layer of blood vessel

73
Q

Tunicia Mediaa

A

middle layer of blood vessel

74
Q

Tunitia Adventita

A

outer layer of blood vessels

75
Q

Tunitia externa

A

outer layer of blood vessels

76
Q

What medical condition would you use a defiblirator

A

cardiac arrest

77
Q

maximum pressure in the artery occuring during ventricular contraction

A

systolic pressure

78
Q

what are the audible heart sounds produced by

A

closing of the valves

79
Q

another name for the visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

80
Q

visceral pericardum

A

outer layer of the heart

81
Q

Pullmonary circulaton

A

the pumping of blood to the lungs and back

82
Q

systemic circulation

A

pumping of blood throught the body

83
Q

systemic circulation

A

pumping of blood throught the body

84
Q

which chamber recieves blood from the lungs

A

left atrium

85
Q

what causes a heart attack

A

When heart muscle cells start to die due to a blocked artery

86
Q

blood vessel layer that contains smooth muscles

A

middle

87
Q

where is blood pressure highest

A

in an artery

88
Q

type of heart failure when the heart ventricles aren’t adequatley pumping blood

A

systolic heart pressure

89
Q

healthy EA ratio

A

80/20

Anatomy (9 decks)

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