Cardiovascular system Flashcards
left side of heart pumps blood where
the body
right side of heart pumps blood where
the lungs
which part of the heart is biggest
left (more muscle)
Atrium
chambers above the ventricles
chambers on the bottom of the heart where the blood is squeezed
Ventricles
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
valve between left ventricle and left atrium
tricuspid valve
valve between right ventricle and right atrium
Pulmonary valve
valve between right ventricle and pullmonary artery
aortic valve
valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
vena cava
vein that brings blood back to the heart (superior and inferior)
Pulmonary artery
artery that sends blood to the lungs
Pulmonary veins
veins that return blood from the lungs to the heart
arteriole
small arteries
venule
small veins
capillar
where arterioles meed venules and blood delivers oxygen to cells
Heart Failure
when the heart for some reason can’t keep an adequate blood flow
coronary circulation
the veins and arteries surroundig the heart that give it oxygen
Where do coronary arteries branch off of
Aorta
Coronary sinus
veins on the heart
Coronary Artery Disease
IF flow through Coronary ateries is resticted you could feel pressure or pain in your chest
Treatments for coronary artery disease
lowering stress, stopping smoking, and eating less cholesterol and fatty foods; Bypass surgery or angioplasty
Angioplasty
Mechanically widening a blocked vessel (commonly done with a balloon)
Myocardial infarctoin
heart attack
what causes cardiac arrest
cardiac muscle cells lose ozygen and die
fibliration
when the heart beat is irregular (arrhythmia)
ventricular fibliration
normal heart rhythem disrupted because heart muscles stimulate each other too fast, making the pumping uncoordinated
Most effective way to treat cardiac arrest
defiblirator
EKG
Electrocardiogram
what does an EKG do
measures electrical events in the heart (useful in detecting arrhythmias)
Auscilation
listening to the heart
what tool is used in Ausculation
stehtescope
how many heart sounds are there
4
how many heart sounds are detectable
1st and second
1st heart sound
start of ventricular systole caused by the closing of the AV valves
venticular systole
venticular contraction
AV valves
Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves
2nd heart sound
start of ventricular diastole as semilunar valves close
Ventricular Diastole
ventricular relaxation
semilunar valves
aortic and pulmonary
3rd heart sound
blood flowing into ventricles
4th heart sound
contraction of the atriums
Mitral valve prolapse
dcommon valve abnormality caused by mitral (bicuspid) bave not closing properly
what happens to the heart sounds during Mitral Valve Prolapse
regurgitation of the blood causes a gurgling sound (heart murmur)
How common is Mitral Valve prolapse
10% of people 14-30 have it
how dangerous in Mitral Valve Prolapse
most people are asymptomatic and live normal, healthy lives
Treatment for severe Mitral Valve Prolapse
valve replacement surgery
CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM
Heart’s specialized conduction sustem
In what order does the impuls of the Cardiac conduction system travel
SA node to AV node, to atrioventricular bundle, to the
purkinje fibers, and finally to the
papillary muscles
Tachycardia
faster than normal heart rate (caused by abnormal pacemaker function)
bradycardia
slower than average heart rate (caused by abnormal pacemaker function)
normal heart rate
60-100 bpm
Pace Maker
SA node
Treatment for disfunctioning pacemaker
surgically attach an artificial one
function of the atriums
recieving chambes
three arteries that branch off from the aortic arch
The brachiocephalic artery, the left carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
what is the chordae tendinaese
attaches to the papillary muscles, it connects the left and right atrioventicular valves together
Cardiac catherization
dye is injected into the blood to make it show up on an xray
what is an E/A ratio
ratio of blood pumped early to blood that flows through atrium
have you studied th ekg picture thing
maybe
Which wave segment of an EKG show the depolarization (contraction) of the atria?
The PR segment
Which wave segment of an EKG show the depolarization (contraction)
of the ventricles?
QRS
Which wave segment of an EKG show the repolarization (relaxation)
of the ventricles?
The T wave
What would the heart of a person with a murmur sound like?
Lubb-dubb-swish
\What are the basic components of blood?
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, platelets, and plasma
How much of blood is plasma?
55%
How much of blood is plasma?
55%
How much of plasma is water?
90%
Erythrocytes?
Red blood cells that carry oxygen and Carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes?
Red blood cells that carry oxygen and Carbon dioxide
Leukocytes?
White blood cells that defend the body from toxins and foreign microbes
platelets?
Cell fragments that help with blood clotting
How are antigens responsible for blood type?
Antigens are glycoprotein molecules on red blood cells that allow the body to know that the specific red blood cell belongs in the body.
Tunicia intima
inner layer of blood vessel
Tunicia Mediaa
middle layer of blood vessel
Tunitia Adventita
outer layer of blood vessels
Tunitia externa
outer layer of blood vessels
What medical condition would you use a defiblirator
cardiac arrest
maximum pressure in the artery occuring during ventricular contraction
systolic pressure
what are the audible heart sounds produced by
closing of the valves
another name for the visceral pericardium
epicardium
visceral pericardum
outer layer of the heart
Pullmonary circulaton
the pumping of blood to the lungs and back
systemic circulation
pumping of blood throught the body
systemic circulation
pumping of blood throught the body
which chamber recieves blood from the lungs
left atrium
what causes a heart attack
When heart muscle cells start to die due to a blocked artery
blood vessel layer that contains smooth muscles
middle
where is blood pressure highest
in an artery
type of heart failure when the heart ventricles aren’t adequatley pumping blood
systolic heart pressure
healthy EA ratio
80/20
