Nerve Tissue 🧠

Question 1

Synapse structure

Answer 1

Specialized junction between neurons that includes a presynaptic element where neurotransmitters are released, a synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic membrane that receives the neurotransmitter.

Question 2

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 2

The site where a motor neuron forms a synapse with a muscle fiber, leading to muscle contraction; involves the release of acetylcholine and activation of muscle cells.

Question 3

Axonal transport

Answer 3

The movement of molecules and organelles along axons, can be anterograde (away from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body).

Question 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

Part of the autonomic nervous system involved in fight or flight responses

Question 5

Epineurium

Answer 5

Outermost connective tissue layer surrounding peripheral nerves that binds fascicles together

Question 6

Axons

Answer 6

Nerve fibers that transmit electrical impulses away from the cell body

Question 7

Myelin sheath

Answer 7

Lipid-rich layer that insulates axons and facilitates rapid conduction of nerve impulses

Question 8

Neurotransmitters

Answer 8

Chemical messengers that transmit signals across a synapse between neurons.

Question 9

Chemical vs. electrical synapse

Answer 9

Electrical synapses allow direct ion movement between cells for rapid transmission, while chemical synapses use neurotransmitters for signal transmission.

Question 10

Bipolar neurons

Answer 10

Neurons found in special senses that have two processes (an axon and a dendrite)

Question 11

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 11

Gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon where action potentials can be regenerated

Question 12

Peripheral neuroglia

Answer 12

Non-neuronal cells that support, insulate, or nourish neurons in the PNS, including Schwann cells and Satellite cells