Muscle Tissue 🏋️‍♀️ Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Consists of contractile cells and responsible for movement. Derived from the mesoderm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myofibrils

A

Bundles of myofilaments and the structural and functional subunit of the muscle cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actin/thin filaments

A

Composed mainly of F-actin, with associated proteins like tropomyosin, troponin complex, and nebulin for regulation and stabilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

I-band

A

Region of the sarcomere where only thin (F-actin) filaments are present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sliding Filament Hypothesis of Huxley

A

Theory explaining muscle contraction where myofilaments slide past each other without changing length.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Membranous network around myofibrils that stores calcium ions and communicates with T-tubules in muscle cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Muscle Spindle

A

Encapsulated sensory receptor in muscle belly that senses changes in muscle length or stretch, containing modified muscle fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Smooth Muscle Cells

A

Cells that secrete connective tissue matrix, synthesize various types of collagens and elastin, and possess well-developed rER and golgi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sarcomere

A

The specific organization of contractile proteins of the myofibril observed in all striated muscle types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sarcomere

A

Basic contractile unit of striated muscles containing thick (myosin II) and thin (F-actin) filaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

H-band

A

Central region of the sarcomere made up of thick filaments (myosin II) only.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Golgi Tendon Organ

A

Encapsulated proprioceptor located at myotendinous junction that senses tension in muscles and is part of the Golgi tendon reflex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peripheral protein

A

Proteins found on the periphery of membranes or structures, serving various functions such as structural support or cell signaling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T tubules

A

Extensions of the cell membrane that help transmit action potentials deep into muscle fibers, facilitating muscle contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gap junctions

A

Specialized protein channels that allow direct communication and passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contractile cells

A

Cells responsible for muscle movement, such as myofibers. Derived from the mesoderm.

17
Q

Myosin II/thick filament

A

Motor protein binding to actin subunits in striated muscles for movement, consisting of head and tail regions connected by a lever arm in the S2 region.

18
Q

A-band

A

Region of the sarcomere where thick filaments (myosin II) are predominantly located.

19
Q

Myofilaments

A

Contractile proteins (F-actin, myosin II) responsible for muscle contraction.

20
Q

Intercalated Discs

A

Attachment sites between adjacent cardiac myocytes, containing macula adherens and fascia adherens for structural integrity.

21
Q

Juxtanuclear region

A

The area near the nucleus of a cell, often involved in functions related to transport, signaling, or organelle positioning.

22
Q

Myofilaments

A

Contractile proteins/elements occupying the bulk of the sarcoplasm, classified into thin filaments mainly composed of F-actin and thick filaments mainly composed of myosin II.

23
Q

Actomyosin Cross-Bridge Cycle

A

Series of stages in muscle contraction involving attachment, release, bending, force generation, and reattachment.

24
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

Genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness, typically fatal in early adulthood due to breakdown of muscle fibers.

25
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A

Modified cardiac muscle cells specialized for conducting impulses of the A-V bundle and synchronizing ventricular contraction.

26
Q

Myosin light chain kinase

A

Enzyme responsible for phosphorylating myosin, leading to muscle contraction by interacting with actin filaments.

27
Q

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia response

A

Cellular growth due to increased demand or stimulation, involving either enlargement of existing cells (hypertrophy) or increase in cell number (hyperplasia).