Autonomic Nervous System 🧠

Question 1

Cholinergic

Answer 1

Nerve ending that releases acetylcholine as the primary transmitter; involved in synapses where acetylcholine is the primary transmitter.

Question 2

cAMP

Answer 2

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a second messenger that plays a key role in mediating cellular responses to various stimuli.

Question 3

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 3

Part of the autonomic nervous system originating in the thoracic and lumbar parts of the spinal cord, involved in the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 4

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 4

Directly innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers. Secretes catecholamines like epinephrine. Key for fight or flight response.

Question 5

Adrenergic Transmission

Answer 5

Involves neurotransmitters like norepinephrine. Affects alpha and beta receptors, influencing various physiological responses.

Question 6

Dopamine Receptors

Answer 6

Receptor subtypes that play a role in modulating functions such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and uterine contraction.

Question 7

Adrenergic

Answer 7

Nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter; related to synapses where norepinephrine is the primary transmitter.

Question 8

Cholinergic Transmission

Answer 8

Involves acetylcholine in synapses. Important for muscle contraction and autonomic functions like slowing heart rate via M2 receptors.

Question 9

G Protein-linked receptors

Answer 9

Receptors that activate intracellular signaling through G proteins, such as Gs-proteins, Gq-proteins, and Gi-proteins.

Question 10

Cholinergic and adrenergic receptors

Answer 10

Receptors that respond to acetylcholine (cholinergic) or norepinephrine (adrenergic) signaling molecules.

Question 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 11

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions of the body, including digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Question 12

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 12

Part of the autonomic nervous system originating in the cranial nerves and the sacral part of the spinal cord; associated with ‘rest and digest’ functions.

Question 13

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 13

Organization: Originates from Brainstem & S2-S4 spinal cord region. Features long preganglionic neurons and short postganglionic neurons with ganglia located far from CNS.

Question 14

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 14

Adrenal medulla tumor that overproduces epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Presents with elevated blood pressure, headache, sweating, and palpitations.

Question 15

Nitric oxide

Answer 15

A signaling molecule found in the parasympathetic system that induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation and contributes to penile erection.

Question 16

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 16

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion.