Nephrology

Question 1

How is nephrotic syndrome in children treated?

Answer 1

Corticosteroids

Question 2

What is the most common renal malignancy in children?

Answer 2

Wilm’s tumour

Question 3

Abdominal mass, pain, haematuria and hypertension in a child is suggestive of what?

Answer 3

Wilm’s tumour (nephroblastoma)

Question 4

How is pyelonephritis in children treated?

Answer 4

Oral: ciprofloxacin OR norfloxacin

IV: gentamicin + amoxy/ampicillin (younger than 1 month, unable to maintain oral, dehydration, severe, risk factors)

Question 5

Which imaging modality is used to assess renal scarring?

Answer 5

Renal scintigraphy using dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)

Question 6

Why do patients with nephrotic syndrome have hyperlipidemia?

Answer 6

Increased liver albumin production → increased anabolic liver activity → increased lipoprotein synthesis → hyperlipidemia

Question 7

What are the 3 main clinical features of Alport syndrome?

Answer 7

1. Nephritic syndrome
2. Sensorineural hearing loss
3. Eye findings (lenticonus)

(genetic defect in type IV collagen)