Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MDPH401 - Anatomy and Physiology > Neoplasia (incomplete) > Flashcards

Neoplasia (incomplete) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

A new growth which doesn’t obey the laws of normal tissue growth and increases in size, persisting at the expense of the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the name for a new growth that doesn’t obey the laws of normal tissue growth and increases in size, persisting at the expense of the rest of the body?

A

Neoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does cancer literally mean?

A

Crab - to move sideways or to spread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define cancer.

A

Cells which grow and divide with decreased restraint or control. Cells do not differentiate normally and therefore don’t function normally or die on time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of cells grow and divide with decreased restraint and control and do not differentiate normally and therefore don’t function normally or die on time?

A

Cancer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a tumour?

A

Swelling, any kind of swelling is referred to as a tumour (infection, trauma, noeplasia).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is tumour synonymous with in pathology?

A

Neoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is neoplasm synonymous with?

A

Tumour (pathology).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two divisions of neoplasms?

A

Benign and malignant tumours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define benign tumours.

A

Not fatal/innocent growths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define malignant tumours.

A

Fatal growths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define metastasis.

A

Spreading of cancer cells to distant organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neoplastic proliferation of cells are:

A
  1. Progressive
  2. No regular arrangement.
  3. Compressing the surrounding tissue.
  4. Not related to the needs of the body.
  5. Parasitic.
  6. Autonomous in its development.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are tumours named?

A

By adding the suffix -oma to the parenchymal tissue type from which the growth originated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define carcinoma.

A

Malignant tumour of the epithelial tissue origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define sarcoma.

A

Malignant tumour of the mesenchymal origin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define proliferation.

A

The process by which cells divide and form new daughter cells.

18
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

The process whereby cells are transformed into different and more specalised cell types.

19
Q

The higher the specialisation of a cell, the lower the ability to divide. True or False?

A

True.

20
Q

The higher the specialisation of a cell, the higher the ability to divide. True or false?

A

False, the higher the specialisation of a cell, the lower the ability to divide.

21
Q

What do cells lose when they differentiate back from higher to lower forms?

A

Their specailised ability (the become more primative).

22
Q

What do cells gain when they differentiate back from higher to lower forms?

A

The ability to divide faster.

23
Q

What three things does differentiation determine?

A
  1. What the cell looks like.
  2. How the cell functions.
  3. How long the cell will live.
24
Q

What are the characteristics of benign tumours?

A
  1. Well defined margin.
  2. Encapsulated.
  3. Grow locally.
  4. Grow slowly and progressively.
  5. Expansive.
  6. Resemble cells of tissue origin.
24
Q

What type of tumour has well defined margins, grows slowly, locally and progressively, and resembles cells of tissue origin?

A

Benign tumour.

25
Q

What are the characteristics of malignant tumours?

A
  1. Poorly defined margins.
  2. Grow rapidly into surrounding tissue.
  3. Destroy surrounding tissue.
26
Q

What type of tumour had poorly define margins, grows rapidly into surrounding tissue and destroys surrounding tissue?

A

Malignant tumour.

27
Q

NEED TO INSERT CARD ON BENIGN/MALIGNANT DIFFERENTIATION

A
28
Q

When do mutations probably develop?

A

During differentiation.

29
Q

What happens when mutation occurs early in the differentiation process?

A

Poorly differentiated and highly malignant.

30
Q

What happens when mutations occur later in the differentiation process?

A

More fully differentiated and less malignant.

31
Q

NEED TO INSERT MORE ON BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS.

A
32
Q

What are two important factors in assessing the prognosis in an individual case of cancer?

A

Grading (the histological appearance) and staging (the size and extent of spread of a tumour ).

33
Q

What are the grades of neoplasms?

A

Grade I - well differentiated
Grade II - moderately differentiated
Grade III - poorly differentiated
Grade IV - extremely anaplastic

34
Q

What does the acronym TNM stand for and assess?

A

Tumour (extent of primary tumours), node (regional lymph nodes involvement), metastasis (extent of metastatic involvement).

35
Q

What is the staging of tumours in the TNM classification?

A 
TX - tumour cannot be assessed
T0 - no evidence of primary tumour
TIS - carcinoma in situ
T1 - lesion < 2 cm
T2 - lesion 2 - 5 cm
T3 - skin involve
36
Q

What is the staging of nodes in the TNM classification?

A

NX - Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 - No evidence of regional lymph node metastasis
N1 - Mobile nodes involved
N2 - Fixed nodes involved

37
Q

What is the staging of metastasis in the TNM classification?

A

MX - Not assessed
M0 - No distant metastasis
M1 - distant metastasis present

38
Q

By what three means can cancer spread?

A
  1. Direct invasion and extension.
  2. Seeding of cancer cells within body cavities.
  3. Metastasis through blood or lymph.
39
Q

NEED TO ADD SPECIFICS OF MEANS OF SPREADING CANCER and everything following that

A

MDPH401 - Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions