Muscular System Flashcards
What are the functions of muscles?
- Producing body movements.
- Stabilising body positions.
- Regulating organ volumes
- Move substances within the body
- Producing heat.
What are the five characteristics of muscle tissue?
- Excitability
- Conductivity
- Contractile
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
What does muscle tissue possessing excitability mean?
Responds to stimulation by nerves.
What does muscle tissue possessing conductivity mean?
Wave of excitation travel rapidly along the muscle fiber
What does muscle tissue being contractile mean?
In response to a stimuli, will shorten and thicken resulting in movement.
What does muscle tissue possessing extensibility mean?
Can stretch up to three times its resting length without damage.
What does muscle tissue possessing elasticity mean?
Returns to original shape after contraction.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
- Attaches to bone, skin or fascia
- Striated with light and dark bands visible with microscope
- Voluntary control of contraction and relaxation
What type of muscle tissue attaches to bone, skin or fascia, is striated with light & dark bands visible with microscope and has voluntary control of contraction & relaxation?
Skeletal muscle
What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?
- Forms bulk of heart wall
- Striated in appearance & branched
- Involuntary control
- Autorhythmic because of built in ‘pacemaker’
What type of muscle tissue forms the bulk of heart wall, is striated in appearance & branched, has involuntary control and is autorhythmic because of built in ‘pacemaker’?
Cardiac muscle.
What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?
- Attached to hair follicles in skin
- In walls of hollow organs (blood vessels and GI tract)
- Non-striated in appearance
- Involuntary control
What type of muscle tissue attaches to hair follicles in skin, is present in walls of hollow organs (blood vessels & GI tract), is non-striated in appearance and has involuntary control?
Smooth muscle
What is a tendon?
A cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the periosteum of a bone.
What are the muscle cells in skeletal muscles called?
Muscle fibres
Each skeletal muscle is a separate organ. True or false?
True.
Skeletal muscles contain few nerves and blood vessels. True or false?
False, skeletal muscles are richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels.
NEED TO INSERT SKELETAL MUSCLE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
What is a myoblast?
Embryological muscle cell.
What is a satellite cell?
An immature muscle fiber where some myoblasts remain.
What is the sarcolemma?
Plasma membrane
What do T tubules do?
Penetrate the sarcoplasm
Where is the terminal cisternae located?
Close to T tubules.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulm.
What are myofibrils?
The contractile part of the cell.
NEED TO INCLUDE CONTRACTILE PROTEINS ACTIN AND MYOSIN
At what age does skeletal muscle begin to be ‘replaced’ by fat?
About 30
What happens to muscle tissue with age?
Slowing of reflexes and a decrease in maximal strength
NEED TO INSERT MUSCLE STRAIN CASE STUDY
Define origin.
The attachment of a muscle by means of a tendon to the stationary bone.
Define insertion
The attachment of a muscle by means of a tendon to the movable bone.
Define muscle belly.
The fleshy portion of the muscle between the attachment sites.
NEED TO LEARN SPECIFIC MUSCLES TOO
