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MDPH401 - Anatomy and Physiology > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of muscles?

A
  1. Producing body movements.
  2. Stabilising body positions.
  3. Regulating organ volumes
  4. Move substances within the body
  5. Producing heat.
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2
Q

What are the five characteristics of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Conductivity
  3. Contractile
  4. Extensibility
  5. Elasticity
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3
Q

What does muscle tissue possessing excitability mean?

A

Responds to stimulation by nerves.

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4
Q

What does muscle tissue possessing conductivity mean?

A

Wave of excitation travel rapidly along the muscle fiber

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5
Q

What does muscle tissue being contractile mean?

A

In response to a stimuli, will shorten and thicken resulting in movement.

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6
Q

What does muscle tissue possessing extensibility mean?

A

Can stretch up to three times its resting length without damage.

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7
Q

What does muscle tissue possessing elasticity mean?

A

Returns to original shape after contraction.

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8
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
  3. Smooth muscle
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Attaches to bone, skin or fascia
  2. Striated with light and dark bands visible with microscope
  3. Voluntary control of contraction and relaxation
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10
Q

What type of muscle tissue attaches to bone, skin or fascia, is striated with light & dark bands visible with microscope and has voluntary control of contraction & relaxation?

A

Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  1. Forms bulk of heart wall
  2. Striated in appearance & branched
  3. Involuntary control
  4. Autorhythmic because of built in ‘pacemaker’
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12
Q

What type of muscle tissue forms the bulk of heart wall, is striated in appearance & branched, has involuntary control and is autorhythmic because of built in ‘pacemaker’?

A

Cardiac muscle.

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?

A
  1. Attached to hair follicles in skin
  2. In walls of hollow organs (blood vessels and GI tract)
  3. Non-striated in appearance
  4. Involuntary control
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14
Q

What type of muscle tissue attaches to hair follicles in skin, is present in walls of hollow organs (blood vessels & GI tract), is non-striated in appearance and has involuntary control?

A

Smooth muscle

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15
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the periosteum of a bone.

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16
Q

What are the muscle cells in skeletal muscles called?

A

Muscle fibres

17
Q

Each skeletal muscle is a separate organ. True or false?

A

True.

18
Q

Skeletal muscles contain few nerves and blood vessels. True or false?

A

False, skeletal muscles are richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels.

19
Q

NEED TO INSERT SKELETAL MUSCLE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

A
20
Q

What is a myoblast?

A

Embryological muscle cell.

21
Q

What is a satellite cell?

A

An immature muscle fiber where some myoblasts remain.

22
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane

23
Q

What do T tubules do?

A

Penetrate the sarcoplasm

24
Q

Where is the terminal cisternae located?

A

Close to T tubules.

25
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulm.

26
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

The contractile part of the cell.

27
Q

NEED TO INCLUDE CONTRACTILE PROTEINS ACTIN AND MYOSIN

A
28
Q

At what age does skeletal muscle begin to be ‘replaced’ by fat?

A

About 30

29
Q

What happens to muscle tissue with age?

A

Slowing of reflexes and a decrease in maximal strength

30
Q

NEED TO INSERT MUSCLE STRAIN CASE STUDY

A
31
Q

Define origin.

A

The attachment of a muscle by means of a tendon to the stationary bone.

32
Q

Define insertion

A

The attachment of a muscle by means of a tendon to the movable bone.

33
Q

Define muscle belly.

A

The fleshy portion of the muscle between the attachment sites.

34
Q

NEED TO LEARN SPECIFIC MUSCLES TOO

A

MDPH401 - Anatomy and Physiology (12 decks)

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