Neoplasia I Flashcards
Characteristics of dysplasia
Pathologic alteration of cell size, shape, and organization
Loss of cellular uniformity, architecture
May be reversible
What is carcinoma in situ?
Marked dysplastic change involving the entire thickness of the epithelium
“Pre-invasive malignant”
Neoplasms are typically composed of two things. What are they?
Parenchyma (proliferating neoplastic cells) and stroma (supporting tissue).
What determines the biological behavior of a tumor?
Parenchymal cell type
What is neoplasm stroma comprised of?
Connective tissue, BV, Lymphatics
Two types of parenchymal cells
Mesenchymal and Epithelial
Two examples of cancers not from a single parenchymal cell type. How many germ cell layers do they come from?
Mixed Cell Neoplasms (1)
Teratoma (multiple)
How to name a benign mesenchymal tumor?
Cell of Origin + oma
ex. fibroma, osteoma, rhabdomyoma
How to name a benign epithelial tumor?
Cell of origin + adenoma
ex. mammary gland adenoma, ovarian cystadenoma
What are papillomas?
Neoplasms tht form microscopic papilla (ex. squamous papilloma)
What are polyps?
Neoplasms which project above a mucosal surface into a lumen
How to name a malignant mesenchymal tumor?
Cell of Origin + Sarcoma
ex. fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
How to name a malignant epithelial tumor derived from or forming glandular patterns?
Cell of Origin + Adenosarcoma
ex. mammary adenosarcoma, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma
How to name a malignant epithelial tumor that isn’t glandular?
Cell of Origin + Carcinoma
ex. Squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma
Five neoplasm exceptions to the neoplasm naming rules
- Melanoma - Carcinoma of Melanocytes
- Seminoma - Carcinoma of Spermatogenic epithelium
- Lymphompa - Malignant lymphoid neoplasms
- Multiple Myeloma – Neoplasm of plasma cells
- Leukemia – Neoplasms of stem cell in the bone marrow
Differentiation refers to…
Extent to which parenchymal cell of a neoplasm resemble comparable normal cells in morphology and function
What is anaplasia
lack of differentiation
True or false. Lack of differentiation if the consequence of dedifferentiation.
False
Characteristics of anaplastic cells
Pleomorphism, Basophilic cytoplasm
Nuclei – hyperchromatic, clumping of chromatin
Increased Nuc:Cytoplasm Ratio
Bizarre mitotic figures
Best criteria for distinguishing malignant from benign neoplasms
Metastasis
Two types of malignant cancers that cannot metastasize
Glial Cell tumors (gliomas)
Basal cell carcinomas
Most common route for carcinoma dissemination?
Lymphatics
Most common route for sarcoma dissemination?
Hematogenous
Most common sites of 2ndary metastasis?
Lung and Liver
