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Pathology -- Gen Path > Immune Mediated Injury > Flashcards

Immune Mediated Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Acute phase includes…

A

Mast cell activation + de novo secretion of secondaries

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2
Q

Late phase is mediated by…

A

other activated inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes) recruited by the mast cell mediators

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3
Q

Lipoxygenase activity in the acute phase leads to production of…

A

LTB4
LTC/D/E
Prostaglandin E
PAF

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4
Q

Primary mediators released from Mast cells

A

Histamine
ECF-A
Acid hydrolases-Heparin/tryptase complex

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5
Q

Effects of Histamine, SRS-As?

A

Edema, Mucous Secretion

Bronchoconstriction

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6
Q

Effects of LTs, PAF, TNFa?

A

Continued edema, cell infiltrates

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7
Q

Continued presence of the eosinophils (characteristic of Type I rxn) relies upon

A

IL3,4,5, GMCSF

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8
Q

Systemic reactions seen in anaphylaxis

A

Tissue Swelling, Bronchoconstriction, Peripheral Vasodilation, Dizziness and Syncope, GI symptoms

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9
Q

Treatment for anaphylactic reaction?

A

Epinephrine

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10
Q

What is atopy?

A

The tendency to form IgE in response to specific antigens and the resulting allergic responses

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11
Q

Three main mechanisms of type II rxns

A
  1. Ab dependent – cell mediated destruction via Fc
  2. Ab mediated – complement fixation cell lysis
  3. Ab mediated – cellular dysfunction
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12
Q

Antibody type associated with Type II

A

IgM, IgG

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13
Q

Two examples of antibody mediated cellular dysfxn

A

myasthenia gravis

Grave’s disease

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14
Q

Three clinical features of type II rxns

A

Antibody-mediated blood cell destruction
Antibodies to receptor antigens
antibodis to tissue antigens.

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15
Q

Examples of Type II diseases against tissue antigens

A

Goodpasture’s disease
Hyperacute transplant rejection
Pemphigus vulgaris

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16
Q

How do you diagnose a type II disease?

A

Coomb’s test, Ab in serum, immunoflouresence studies

17
Q

Point of a direct and indirect Coombs

A

Direct – Look for AB on cells

Indirect – look for AB in serum

18
Q

Three phases of a Type III hypersensitivity response?

A
  1. Formation of Ab-antigen complexes
  2. Deposition of complexes in specific tissues
  3. Local tissue destruction medicated by complement
19
Q

Preferred sites of deposition in type III hypersensitivity responses

A 
Renal glomeruli
Joint synovium
Skin
Heart
Small BVs
20
Q

Effect of Type III tissue damage on host tissues

A

Cell proliferation causing tissue thickening.

Epithelial proliferation in glomeruli causes proliferative nephropathy.

21
Q

Hallmarks of Type III disease

A

Complement Consumption
Acute Inflammation with infiltration of Leukocytes
Deposition of Immune Complexes (seen by imm.fluor)

22
Q

Three classic examples of Type III

A

Serum sickness
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
Arthus rxn

23
Q

What is the arthus rxn?

A

A localized area of reaction following injection of an antigen in an immunocompetent host

24
Q

Differences between an Arthus test and a TB test?

A

Arthus – AB mediated, occurs in hours

TB test – Cell mediated, Required 1-2 days

25
Q

Time course for a Type I, II, and IV rxn

A

I – 10-20 minutes
II – 4-12 hours
IV – 48-72 hours

26
Q

Tissue response in a Type I rxn

A

Wheal/Flare Rxn

No necrosis, no vesicle

27
Q

Tissue response in Type III rxn

A

Acute inflamm w/ edema + pain
May become necrosis (w/ischemia)
NO vesicles

28
Q

Tissue responses in type IV rxn

A

Skin induration and erythema

Vesicle formation in severe cases (due to cell mediated split of the epidermis)

29
Q

Treatment for Type IV hypersens.

A

Minimal help from anti-histamine

Usually requires a steroid application

30
Q

Classic examples of a Type IV rxn

A

Poison Ivy (Urshiol)
PPD test for TB
Chronic – TB granuloma
Pannus formation in RA

31
Q

a RIST skin test measures…

A

Serum amount of IgE

32
Q

a RAST skin test measures…

A

serum amount of ANTIGEN SPECIFIC IgE

33
Q

Which Ab is best at opsinization?

Best at complement activation?

A

Ops. – IgG

Compl – IgM

34
Q

Granulomas propagate because macrophages give out _____ and lymphocytes give out ____

A

Macs give Il1 and 12

Lymp. give gamma interferon

35
Q

T or F. Autoimmune diseases are associated with WBC count changes.

A

F

Pathology -- Gen Path (17 decks)

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