Cellular Accumulations

Question 1

What is lipofucin?

Answer 1

Undigested remnants of lipid peroxidation, occurs with cellular aging

Question 2

Causes of hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 2

Adaptive response to drugs

Esp. barbituates, alcohol, and insectisides

Question 3

Give examples of two diseases in which cytoskeletal abnormalities build up

Answer 3

Mallory bodies in alcoholic liver disease

Neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer

Question 4

Where does fatty change tend to happen?

Answer 4

Liver

Can also hit heart, muscle, and kidney

Question 5

What happens in fatty change?

Answer 5

Lipid transport via complex with lipid acceptor proteins doesn’t work. Ribosomal dispersion or damage from free rads or Ca causes decreased protein synthesis. Can’t make the lipid acceptor proteins, so you can’t get them out.

Question 6

Causes of fatty change?

Answer 6

Chronic alcohol intake, carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen

Question 7

Clear vacuoles may contain…

Answer 7

Water, glycogen, fat, etc.

Question 8

Two types of calcification

Answer 8

Dystrophic

Metastatic

Question 9

Dystrophic calcification happens when…

Answer 9

Ca is deposited into necrotic tissue

Question 10

Metastatic calcification happens when..

Answer 10

Ca is deposited into viable tissue (hypercalcemia)

Question 11

When might metastatic calcification occur?

Answer 11

Hyperparathyroidism, Vit D toxicosis, tumors with increased bone catabolism (myeloma), or renal failure (secondary para)

Question 12

What does calcification look like under a microscope?

Answer 12

Granular, basophilic material

Question 13

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic desposits lead to…

Answer 13

Hyaline change

Question 14

What are Russell bodies?

Answer 14

Accumulation of immunoglobulins in endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells

Question 15

Hyaline change in the proximal renal tubules means…

Answer 15

you’re leaking protein into the urine

Question 16

Important details for Glycogen accumulation?

Answer 16

Assocaited with abnormal glucose values, glycogen metabolism or glycogen storage diseases

Question 17

Two examples of exogenous pigments that can accumulate in cells

Answer 17

1. Anthracosis (carbon particles in the macrophages of the lungs)
2. Tattoo Ink (dermal macrophages)

Question 18

Example of an endogenous pigment that builds over time

Answer 18

Lipofuscin – Wear and tear, aging pigment
Made from membrane turnover
Prominent in heart and liver

Question 19

What should you think of if you see lipofuscin in a younger patient

Answer 19

Severe malnutrition

Cachexia assocaited with cancer

Question 20

What does lipofuscin look like

Answer 20

Golden brown, granular

Perinuclear in cytoplasm

Question 21

What is hemosiderin?

Answer 21

A break down product of hemoglobin by macrophages made of aggregates of ferritin granules

Question 22

What is hemochromatosis?

Answer 22

A genetic disease resulting in the extreme accumulation of hemosiderin. Hits the liver, pancreas, skin, and pituitary

Question 23

What is bilirubin made of?

Answer 23

The non-iron component of hemoglobin, normally removed in the bile

Question 24

Stain used for lipid

Answer 24

Oil Red O