Carcinogenesis

Question 1

A complete carcinogen is capable of both ____ and _____

Answer 1

Initiation and Promotion

Question 2

Name five commonly discussed carcinogenic chemicals

Answer 2

1. Alkylating Agents
2. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (tobacco, broiled fats, smoked meat)
3. Aromatic Amines/Azo Dyes (NAP, Aniline dyes, rubber)
4. Nitosamines + Amides
5. Natural (Aflatoxin Ba – Aspergillus flavus)

Question 3

Five less common wild-card carcinogenic chemicals

Answer 3

1. Asbestos
2. Vinyl chloride
3. Chromium, Nickel
4. Arsenic
5. Insectisides

Question 4

Important chemical promoters of cancer

Answer 4

Saccharin and Cyclamates
Estrogens
Diethylstilbestrol (endometrial)
Dietary fat (colon)

Question 5

X-ray/Gamma ray. Direct or Indirect action radiation injury?

Answer 5

Indirect

Question 6

Particulate radiation. Direct or Indirect action radiation injury?

Answer 6

Direct

Question 7

Radiant energy. Direct or Indirect action radiation injury?

Answer 7

Both

Question 8

Exposure to UV light leads to….

Answer 8

Formation of pyridimine dimers in the DNA

Damage to ras and p53

Question 9

Who gets ionizing radiation? What cancer do they get? (5)

Answer 9

1. Radioactive element miners (Lung)
2. Atomic Bomb Survivors (Leukemia)
3. Therapeutic Exposure (Thyroid)
4. Marshall Islands (Thyroid)
5. Radium Dial Painters (Mouth, Throat)

Question 10

Whats the deal with xeroderma pigmentosum?

Answer 10

Inability to excise pyrimidine dimers formed on exposure to UV radiation.

Question 11

How does HPV cause cancer?

Answer 11

Viral protein E7 binds to Rb gene

Viral protain E6 binds p53

Question 12

EBV is associated with incidence of which cancers?

Answer 12

Burkitt’s lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma (in immunosuppressed)
Hodgin’s Disease
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 13

RNA virus associated with cancer?

Answer 13

Human T-cell leukemia virus 1
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Also..Hep C