Neoplasia I Flashcards
What is neoplasia?
Process of uncontrolled growth
What is a neoplasm?
Abnormal mass of tissue, where growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue
What are the features of neoplasms?
Progressive, purposeless, pathological proliferation of cells
What causes a neoplasm?
Loss of control over cell division d/t DNA damage and growth at control points
What are benign tumors?
Neoplasm that grows, WITHOUT invading adjacent tissues or spreading to distant sites
What are malignant tumors?
Neoplasm that invades surrounding normal tissue
A well circumscribed growth is characteristic of a benign or malignant tumor?
Benign
What are intermediate tumors?
Locally invasive–thus not benign, but there is NO tendency for metastasis
What is a carcinoma in situ?
Pre-invasive cell proliferation–cytological features of malignancy
What are parenchyma?
Clonal neoplastic cells
Tumors derive their name from what?
The parenchymal cells from which they arise from
What is stroma?
The CT, blood vessels, macrophages, and lymphocytes
What determines the growth and evolution of a tumor?
The stroma surrounding the neoplasm
Tumors derive their biological behavior from what?
Parenchyma from which they arise
What causes a tumor to be soft and fleshy?
Scant stroma
What causes a tumor to form (desmoplasia) or stony/hard (scirrhous)?
Abundant stroma
What is scirrhous?
Stony/hard characteristic of a tumor
What benign epithelial tissue tumors called (if they’re not from glands)?
Adenoma
Papilloma
What is the malignant epithelial tissues?
Carcinomas
Benign tumor from a gland = ? Malignant?
Adenoma = benign Adenocarcinoma = malignant
What is the suffix added to benign mesenchymal tissue?
-oma
What is the suffix added to malignant mesenchymal tissue?
-sarcoma
Malignant or benign: fibroma?
Benign
Malignant or benign: chondroma?
Benign
Malignant or benign: osteoma lipoma
Benign
Leiomyomas are from where?
Muscle tissue
What are cystadenomas?
Adenomas with cavities or cysts
What is a polyp?
Club shaped growth/ epithelial tissue that projects from a mucosal surface (can be benign or malignant, usually benign)
What are papillomas?
Benign tumor that produces a finger-wart like projections from epithelial tissues
Malignant or benign: melanoma?
Malignant
Malignant or benign: lymphoma
Malignant
Malignant or benign: hepatoma
Malignant
Malignant or benign: astrocytoma
Malignant
Malignant or benign: granuloma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
Malignant or benign: hematoma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
Malignant or benign: harmartoma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
Malignant or benign: choristoma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
What is a hamartoma?
a benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a malignant tumor, and it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues. It is composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass. –Wikipedia
What is a choristoma?
Ectopic rest of normal tissue (normal tissue in a foreign location)
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: capsule present
Benign tumor
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: slow growth
Benign tumor
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: Invasion present
Carcinoma
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: atypical mitosis
Carcinoma
What is the relative incidence of sarcoma vs carcinomas?
Sarcomas less common
What is the initial mode of spread for sarcomas vs carcinomas?
hematogeunous for sarcoma
Lymphatic for carcinoma
What is the nomenclature for sarcomas vs carcinomas?
Tissue of origin + sarcoma
Tissue of origin + carcinoma
What is the prognosis for sarcomas vs carcinomas?
Better for carcinomas
Are early distant metastases usually present with sarcoma or carcinomas?
Sarcoma
What are the tumors from hematopoietic cells?
Leukemias
What are the tumors from lymphoid cells?
Lymphomas
What is the most common extranodal site for a primary malignant lymphoma?
Stomach
Most lymphoma are of what type? (Hodgkin’s or Non-Hodgkins)
Non-Hodgkins
What is the most common adult leukemia/overall leukemia?
CLL (Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia)
What is the common childhood leukemia?
ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
What is a teratoma?
Tumor composed of more than one parenchymal cells type (derived from more than one germ layer)
What is a benign teratoma?
Dermoid cyst / mature teratoma
What is a malignant teratoma?
Immature teratoma / teratocarcinoma
What is the degree of differentiated for malignant and benign tumors?
Well differentiated = benign, but can be malignant
Poorly differentiated = malignant
What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
Hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome
Autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the development of benign, hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract + hyperpigmented macules
Coin lesion on a CT scan = ?
Tumor like lesion–pulmonary hamartoma
All tumors are (polyclonal or monoclonal)?
Monoclonal–all come from the same cell
Non-neoplastic proliferations are (monoclonal or polyclonal)?
Polyclonal
What are the four criteria used to differentiate a benign vs malignant tumor?
- Rate of growth
- Differentiation and anaplasia
- Local invasion
- Metastasis
What are the two major components of a tumor?
Parenchyma and the surrounding stroma
Benign of malignant: Seminoma?
malignant
Benign or malignant: adenoma?
Benign
Benign or malignant: fibroma
Benign
What do you call malignant cancer that have an epithelial cell origin?
Carcinoma
What do you call malignant cancer that have an mesenchymal cell origin?
Sarcoma
Transitional cell carcinoma = ?
Bladder CA
Dermoid cyst / mature teratoma = ?
Benign teratoma
Immature teratoma / teratocarcinoma = ?
Malignant teratoma
Development of benign hamartomatous polyps + hyperpigmented macules over the lips and oral mucosa = what disease?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
