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Pathology > Neoplasia I > Flashcards

Neoplasia I Flashcards

1
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

Process of uncontrolled growth

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2
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

Abnormal mass of tissue, where growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue

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3
Q

What are the features of neoplasms?

A

Progressive, purposeless, pathological proliferation of cells

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4
Q

What causes a neoplasm?

A

Loss of control over cell division d/t DNA damage and growth at control points

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5
Q

What are benign tumors?

A

Neoplasm that grows, WITHOUT invading adjacent tissues or spreading to distant sites

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6
Q

What are malignant tumors?

A

Neoplasm that invades surrounding normal tissue

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7
Q

A well circumscribed growth is characteristic of a benign or malignant tumor?

A

Benign

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8
Q

What are intermediate tumors?

A

Locally invasive–thus not benign, but there is NO tendency for metastasis

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9
Q

What is a carcinoma in situ?

A

Pre-invasive cell proliferation–cytological features of malignancy

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10
Q

What are parenchyma?

A

Clonal neoplastic cells

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11
Q

Tumors derive their name from what?

A

The parenchymal cells from which they arise from

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12
Q

What is stroma?

A

The CT, blood vessels, macrophages, and lymphocytes

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13
Q

What determines the growth and evolution of a tumor?

A

The stroma surrounding the neoplasm

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14
Q

Tumors derive their biological behavior from what?

A

Parenchyma from which they arise

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15
Q

What causes a tumor to be soft and fleshy?

A

Scant stroma

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16
Q

What causes a tumor to form (desmoplasia) or stony/hard (scirrhous)?

A

Abundant stroma

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17
Q

What is scirrhous?

A

Stony/hard characteristic of a tumor

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18
Q

What benign epithelial tissue tumors called (if they’re not from glands)?

A

Adenoma

Papilloma

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19
Q

What is the malignant epithelial tissues?

A

Carcinomas

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20
Q

Benign tumor from a gland = ? Malignant?

A 
Adenoma = benign
Adenocarcinoma = malignant
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21
Q

What is the suffix added to benign mesenchymal tissue?

A

-oma

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22
Q

What is the suffix added to malignant mesenchymal tissue?

A

-sarcoma

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23
Q

Malignant or benign: fibroma?

A

Benign

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24
Q

Malignant or benign: chondroma?

A

Benign

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25
Q

Malignant or benign: osteoma lipoma

A

Benign

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26
Q

Leiomyomas are from where?

A

Muscle tissue

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27
Q

What are cystadenomas?

A

Adenomas with cavities or cysts

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28
Q

What is a polyp?

A

Club shaped growth/ epithelial tissue that projects from a mucosal surface (can be benign or malignant, usually benign)

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29
Q

What are papillomas?

A

Benign tumor that produces a finger-wart like projections from epithelial tissues

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30
Q

Malignant or benign: melanoma?

A

Malignant

31
Q

Malignant or benign: lymphoma

A

Malignant

32
Q

Malignant or benign: hepatoma

A

Malignant

33
Q

Malignant or benign: astrocytoma

A

Malignant

34
Q

Malignant or benign: granuloma

A

This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix

35
Q

Malignant or benign: hematoma

A

This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix

36
Q

Malignant or benign: harmartoma

A

This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix

37
Q

Malignant or benign: choristoma

A

This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix

38
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

a benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a malignant tumor, and it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues. It is composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass. –Wikipedia

39
Q

What is a choristoma?

A

Ectopic rest of normal tissue (normal tissue in a foreign location)

40
Q

Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: capsule present

A

Benign tumor

41
Q

Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: slow growth

A

Benign tumor

42
Q

Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: Invasion present

A

Carcinoma

43
Q

Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: atypical mitosis

A

Carcinoma

44
Q

What is the relative incidence of sarcoma vs carcinomas?

A

Sarcomas less common

45
Q

What is the initial mode of spread for sarcomas vs carcinomas?

A

hematogeunous for sarcoma

Lymphatic for carcinoma

46
Q

What is the nomenclature for sarcomas vs carcinomas?

A

Tissue of origin + sarcoma

Tissue of origin + carcinoma

47
Q

What is the prognosis for sarcomas vs carcinomas?

A

Better for carcinomas

48
Q

Are early distant metastases usually present with sarcoma or carcinomas?

A

Sarcoma

49
Q

What are the tumors from hematopoietic cells?

A

Leukemias

50
Q

What are the tumors from lymphoid cells?

A

Lymphomas

51
Q

What is the most common extranodal site for a primary malignant lymphoma?

A

Stomach

52
Q

Most lymphoma are of what type? (Hodgkin’s or Non-Hodgkins)

A

Non-Hodgkins

53
Q

What is the most common adult leukemia/overall leukemia?

A

CLL (Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia)

54
Q

What is the common childhood leukemia?

A

ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)

55
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

Tumor composed of more than one parenchymal cells type (derived from more than one germ layer)

56
Q

What is a benign teratoma?

A

Dermoid cyst / mature teratoma

57
Q

What is a malignant teratoma?

A

Immature teratoma / teratocarcinoma

58
Q

What is the degree of differentiated for malignant and benign tumors?

A

Well differentiated = benign, but can be malignant

Poorly differentiated = malignant

59
Q

What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

A

Hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome

Autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the development of benign, hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract + hyperpigmented macules

60
Q

Coin lesion on a CT scan = ?

A

Tumor like lesion–pulmonary hamartoma

61
Q

All tumors are (polyclonal or monoclonal)?

A

Monoclonal–all come from the same cell

62
Q

Non-neoplastic proliferations are (monoclonal or polyclonal)?

A

Polyclonal

63
Q

What are the four criteria used to differentiate a benign vs malignant tumor?

A
  1. Rate of growth
  2. Differentiation and anaplasia
  3. Local invasion
  4. Metastasis
64
Q

What are the two major components of a tumor?

A

Parenchyma and the surrounding stroma

65
Q

Benign of malignant: Seminoma?

A

malignant

66
Q

Benign or malignant: adenoma?

A

Benign

67
Q

Benign or malignant: fibroma

A

Benign

68
Q

What do you call malignant cancer that have an epithelial cell origin?

A

Carcinoma

69
Q

What do you call malignant cancer that have an mesenchymal cell origin?

A

Sarcoma

70
Q

Transitional cell carcinoma = ?

A

Bladder CA

71
Q

Dermoid cyst / mature teratoma = ?

A

Benign teratoma

72
Q

Immature teratoma / teratocarcinoma = ?

A

Malignant teratoma

73
Q

Development of benign hamartomatous polyps + hyperpigmented macules over the lips and oral mucosa = what disease?

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Pathology (32 decks)

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