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PCM Exam 1 > Neoplasia 3 > Flashcards

Neoplasia 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors that produce cachexia

A
  • reduced food intake
  • reduced synthesis and storage of fat and increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipocytes
  • TNF α
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2
Q

What cytokine is associated with cancer cachexia

A

TNF α

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3
Q

Define paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Symptoms in cancer patients that cannot be readily explained but either spread of the tumor or by elaboration of the hormones indigenous to the tissue of origin

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4
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with bronchogenic small cell carcinoma

A
  • cushing’s syndrome
  • SIADH
  • hypercalcemia
  • myasthenia
  • venous thrombosis
  • acanthosis nigricans
  • hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
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5
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing cancer

A

Biopsy

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6
Q

Tissues are fixed in _______ and then dehydrated in ______

A

Formalin; graded alcohol

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7
Q

During tissue processing the sample is embedded in _________

A

Paraffin

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8
Q

Tissues are frozen in ______ and analyzed during ______

A

Liquid nitrogen; an operation to assess completeness of excision or if the nature of the lesion in unknown

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9
Q

When is flow cytometric analysis used in cancer?

A

Used for maturation markers in lymphoma/leukemia and looks at DNA ploidy

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10
Q

Mechanism of immunocytochemistry and what does it detect?

A

Detects nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins with the aid of specific antibodies
Detects cell of origin

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11
Q

Immunochemical starins for neuroendocrine cells?

A

Chromogranin

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12
Q

Immunohistochemical stain for mesenchyme

A

Vimentin

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13
Q

Immunohistochemical stain for muscle

A

Desmin

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14
Q

Immunohistochemical stain for melanoma

A

S100/HMB45/Melan A

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15
Q

Prognostic factor in neuroblastoma

A

N-MYC

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16
Q

What is the biochemical tumor maker CEA used for?

A

Colonic adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Breast adenocarcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinoma

17
Q

What conditions would you see α fetoprotein (AFP) to be elevated?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

18
Q

What type of cancers are more common in younger age groups

A

Sarcomas;

Ex. Osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma, etc

19
Q

List some inherited cancer syndromes

A
  • MEN1, RET (multiple endocrine neoplasia)
  • Li- Fraumenii Syndrome (P53)
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
20
Q

Tumors usually never progress from benign to malignant. Name an exception

A

Colonic cancers such as: FAP

21
Q

Name examples of familial cancers

A

Breast, colon, gastric and ovarian carcinomas

22
Q

Ataxia telengiectesia can progress to …

A

Lymphoma, ALL

Defective DNA repair

23
Q

Fanconi’s anemia can progress to…

A

AML (defective DNA repair)

24
Q

Ulcerative colitis can progress to what cancer?

A

Colonic adenocarcinoma; this is an example of an acquired preneoplastic condition

PCM Exam 1 (22 decks)

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