Hemodynamic Disorders

Question 1

What is anasarca?

Answer 1

Generalized edema

Question 2

What conditions will you have ↑ hydrostatic pressure for edema?

Answer 2

CHF, venous obstruction due to external pressure such as a tumor or thrombosis, sodium retention (renal failure) and is usually generalized edema

Question 3

Causes for ↓ plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 3

Reduced albumin synthesis (due to malnutrition or liver disease)
↑ albumin loss (renal disease)
↓ albumin absorption

Question 4

Compare the edema seen in RHF vs LHF

Answer 4

RHF: dependent edema (legs/sacrum)
LHF: pulmonary edema (↓ GFR, RAAS, and sodium retention)

Question 5

Renal disease will present initially with ______________ edema

Answer 5

Periorbital

Question 6

What kind fo edema would you see with liver disease (explain mechanism)

Answer 6

Ascites (↑ hydrostatic pressure)

↓ oncotic pressure due to ↓ albumin synthesis

Question 7

Phases of pulmonary edema

Answer 7

Early phase: interstitial

Final phase: alveolar phase

Question 8

Categories of cerebral edema? (2)

Answer 8

Vasogenic: disruption of BBB resulting in interstitial edema

Cytotoxic: intracellular edema due to cell injury due to hypoxic-ischemic insult

Question 9

In transtentorial (uncal) hernation there is displacement of the ___________ lobe and presses on ________ and ________

Answer 9

Temporal ; CN3; parasympathetic fibers

Question 10

What is displaced in a subfalcine herniation

Answer 10

Cingulrate gyrus is displaced under the falx cerebri

Question 11

What are some effects of a subfalcine herniation

Answer 11

• compressing branches of ACA
• ischemic injury fo primary motor and/or sensory cortex
• weakness and/or sensory abnormalities in the leg