Neonatology

Question 1

how long until foal should stand

Answer 1

1h

Question 2

how long until a foal should suck

Answer 2

2h

Question 3

how long until foal should pass meconium and mare pass cleansing?

Answer 3

3h

Question 4

how long until foal should urinate

Answer 4

8h

Question 5

name 5 maternal risk factors for neonatal disease

Answer 5

1. sick mare
2. previous problem foals
3. placental abnormalities
4. mastitis
5. poor mothering nature

Question 6

name 4 foal risk factors for neonatal disease

Answer 6

1. prematurity/dysmaturity
2. twins
3. orphans
4. meconium staining

Question 7

whats the normal temp of a neonatal foal

Answer 7

39

Question 8

what is the normal HR of a neonatal foal?

Answer 8

80-120 bpm

Question 9

what is the normal resp rate of a neonatal foal?

Answer 9

30-40 bpm

Question 10

name 6 things to examine the eyes of a foal for

Answer 10

1. suture lines
2. persistent hyaloid artery remnants
3. entropion
4. ulcers
5. uveitis
6. cataracts

Question 11

name 3 causes of milk at the nares in foals

Answer 11

1. temporary pharyngeal dysfunction
2. cleft palate
3. megaoesophagus

Question 11

this vessel connects the placenta to hepatic portal vein

Answer 11

umbilical vein

Question 11

this vessel connects the internal iliac arteries to the placenta

Answer 11

umbilical arteries

Question 12

this connects the foetal bladder to allantoic cavity

Answer 12

urachus

Question 13

when does significant active immunity start in foals?

Answer 13

2-3 weeks

Question 14

how long is IgG at high levels in the milk?

Answer 14

first 6h

(negligible at 24h)

Question 15

when do IgA levels in milk increase

Answer 15

after 24h

Question 16

how much milk should a foal ingest during the first 24h

Answer 16

8% BW

Question 17

when do a foal’s own antibody (Ig) production attain adult levels

Answer 17

3-6 months

Question 18

what volume of antibodies in the foal indicats complete failure of passive transfer?

Answer 18

less than 4g/L

Question 19

what volume of antibodies in the foal indicates a partial failure of passive transfer?

Answer 19

4-8 g/L

Question 20

what volume of antibodies in the foal indicatse no failure of passive transfer?

Answer 20

more than 8 g/L

Question 21

how to treat failure of passive transfer in a foal older than 24h old

Answer 21

plasma transfusion

(expensive)

Question 22

name 5 clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 22

1. normal at birth
2. weak
3. anaemia
4. icteric
5. seizure

Question 23

name 2 ways to confirm diagnosis of neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 23

1. low PCV
2. autoagglutination test

Question 24

name 3 treatments for neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 24

1. prevent further nursing and feed alternative milk
2. milk mare and discard colostrum
3. blood transfusion

Question 25

what sign will be seen with patent urachus in a foal

Answer 25

urine drips from umbilicus