Neonatology

Question 1

Lanugo?

Answer 1

Thin hair that covers skin of preterm infants

Question 2

APGAR based on? Conducted?

Answer 2

HR, Repiration Quality, Muscle tone, Reflex irritability, Color

1 min and 5 min after birth (total score = total of both). Continue scoring until 7 is reached

Question 3

Vernix caseosa?

Answer 3

Thick, white, creamy material found in term infants

Question 4

Acrocyanosis?

Answer 4

Cyanosis of hands and feet 48-72 hours after birth

Question 5

Cutis Marmorata?

Answer 5

Mottling of the skin with venous prominence (vasomotor instability)

Question 6

Jaundice in newborns?

Answer 6

Always abnormal if found in first 24 hours

Question 7

Milia?

Answer 7

Small cysts formed around pilosebaceous follicles - appear as tiny, whitish papules over nose, cheeks forehead and chin

Question 8

Mongolian Spots?

Answer 8

Dark blue hyperpigmented macules over luumbosacral area

Question 9

Pustular melanosis

Answer 9

transient rash of dry superficial vesicles over dark macular base

Question 10

Erythema toxicum neonatorum? lesions contain?

Answer 10

erythematous rash in first 72 hours sparring palms and soles.

Eosinophils

Question 11

Nevus simplex?

Answer 11

Pink lesion on nape of neck, eyelids, nasolabial region

Question 12

Nevus flammeus?

Answer 12

Port-wine stain. Congenital vascular malformations composed of dilated capillary-like vessels

Question 13

Sturge-Weber?

Answer 13

Nevus flammeus
Spinal vascular malformations
Seizures
Intracranial calcifications

Question 14

Strawberry Hemangiomas? Course?

Answer 14

Benign prolifeative vascular tumors that increase in size before resolving at 2 years

Question 15

neonatal acne?

Answer 15

Appears after 1-2 weeks post-birth

Question 16

Caput succedaneum?

Answer 16

Diffuse edema or swelling of the soft tissue of the scalp that corsses the cranial sutures

Question 17

Crainotabes?

Answer 17

Soft areas of the skull that feel like ping-pong balls. Disappear within weeks/months

Question 18

Abnormal red reflex suggests?

Answer 18

Cataracts, glaucoma, retinoblastoma or severe chorioretinitis

Question 19

R/o suspected chanal atrasia with?

Answer 19

NG tube (nasal atresia)

Question 20

Pierre Robin?

Answer 20

1. Micrognathia (small chin)
2. Glossoptosis (downward tongue)
3. Obstruction of upper airway

Question 21

Beckwith-Wiedemann?

Answer 21

Hemihypertrophy
Visceromegaly
Macroglossia

Question 22

Macroglossia may suggest?

Answer 22

Beckwith-Wiedemann
Hypothyroid
Mucopolysacharidosis

Question 23

Epstein pearls?

Answer 23

Small, white epidermoid-mucoid cysts found on the hard palate

Question 24

lateral neck masses in neonate suggest?

Answer 24

Branchial cleft cyst or cystic hygromas

Question 25

Midline clefts or masses suggest?

Answer 25

1. thyroglossal duct cyst
2. goiter from maternal antithyroid medication
3. transplacental passage of long-acting throid-stimulating antibodies

Question 26

neonatal toricollis?

Answer 26

Asymmetric shortening of the SCM from being in a fixed position in utero or postnatal hematoma

Question 27

Neck Webbing suggests?

Answer 27

Turners

Question 28

Pectus carinatum?

Answer 28

Protruding sternum

Question 29

Infant with diminished femoral pulses? Increased femoral pulses?

Answer 29

Coarctation; patent ductus arteriosus

Question 30

Vessels in umbilical cord? Abnormality?

Answer 30

Two arteries and one vein

One artery suggests congenital adrenal anomalies

Question 31

Diastasis recti? Tx?

Answer 31

Separation of left and right side of the rectus abdominis at midline. No treatment necessary

Question 32

Meconium plug versus meconium ileus? Can be a sign of?

Answer 32

Obstruction of the left colon/rectum versus distal ileum by meconium

Can be first manifestations of cystic fibrosis

Question 33

Most common cause of abdominal masses in neonate?

Answer 33

1. Hydronephrosis

2. Other causes: multicystic kidneys, ovarian cyst

Question 34

If liver can be palpated on the left side of the neonate, consider?

Answer 34

1. Situs inversus
2. Asplenia
3. Polysplenia syndrome

Question 35

Hydrometrocolpos?

Answer 35

Small cyst between labia or lower abdominal mass caused by imperforate hymen with retention of vaginal secretions

Question 36

Hypospadia’s versus epispadias?

Answer 36

Urethral meatus on ventral surface versus dorsal surface

Epispadias is associated with bladder extrophy

Question 37

Increased risk of cancer with cryptorchidism lasting longer than?

Answer 37

12 months

Question 38

Absence/hypoplasia of radius is associated with?

Answer 38

1. TAR syndrome (thrombocytopenia absent radii)
2. Fanconi anemia
3. Holt-Oram syndrome

Question 39

Neonate with edema of the feet and hypoplastic nails?

Answer 39

Turner syndrome Noonan syndrome

Question 40

Signs of spina bifida?

Answer 40

Hair tufts, lipomas, dimples

In lumbosacral area

Question 41

Definition of preterm delivery? Postterm delivery?

Answer 41

<37 weeks, 42+ weeks

Question 42

Complications from postterm neonates?

Answer 42

1. Placental insufficiency
2. Intrauterine asphyxiation
3. Meconium aspiration syndrome
4. Polycythemia

Question 43

Causes of intrauterine growth retardation?

Answer 43

Type one: early interference (chromosome, infections, alcohol, heroin, hypertension, severe diabetes)

Type two: malnutrition from 24 to 32 weeks (inadequate space - uterine masses/multiples OR placental in sufficiency - we don’t failure, hypertension,)

Type III: after 32 weeks (placental infarct, maternal malnutrition, maternal hypoxemia, pregnancy induced hypertension)

Question 44

Causes of increased weight and large for gestational age neonates?

Answer 44

1. Maternal diabetes
2. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
3. Prader-Willi syndrome
4. Nesidioblastosis (proliferation of pancreatic isolate cells)