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Pediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Excoriations?

Fissures?

A

Linear erosions into the epidermis cause by scratching

Linear cracks into the dermis

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2
Q

Primary irritant contact dermatitis – caused by? Most common? Secondary infection with what organism? Crease involvement suggests? Management?

A

Caustic substances that irritate the skin; diaper dermatitis

Secondary infection with Candida

Dermatitis does not involve inguinal creases; secondary infection involves inguinal creases

Zinc oxide

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3
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis – potential cause? Clinical features? Type in infants? Management?

A

Yeast (pityrosporum ovale)

Red scale/crust in areas with high sebaceous glands

Infants – limited to the scalp, called seborrheic capitis

Steroids, sulfur/zinc, antifungals

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4
Q

Pityriasis rosacea – age? Cause? Clinical features? Management?

A

Older than five; unknown – possibly hypersensitivity to a virus

  1. Papulosquamous “Herald patch”
  2. Two weeks later – pruritic erythematous macules/papules forming “Christmas tree” distribution

Antihistamines, ultraviolet light

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5
Q

Psoriasis – Koebner phenomenon? Nail involvement? Extracutaneous finding in children?

A

New lesions develop at sites of skin trauma

Pits, distal thickening, lifting of the nail bed

Arthritis

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6
Q

Miliaria rubra – A.k.a.? Caused by?, Location? Treatment?

A

Heat rash; sweat produces inflammatory response

Areas of occlusion – inguinal region, axilla, chest, neck

Decrease sweating

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7
Q

Symptoms of serum sickness? Cause?

A

Urticaria, fever, arthralgias, adenopathy

Cephalosporins

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8
Q

Fungal infections of the scalp:

  1. Acquired from human to human contact
  2. Acquired from cats and dogs
  3. Hair loss with hair breaking off at scalp
  4. Hair loss with broken hairs thickened and white
  5. Kerion
  6. Occipital/posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  7. Wood’s Light
A
  1. Trichophyton tonsurans
  2. Microsporum canis
  3. Black dot ringworm
  4. Microsporum canis
  5. Large red boggy nodule that is a hypersensitivity reaction to dermatophyte
  6. Tina Capitis
  7. Identify Microsporum canis
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9
Q

Erythema multiforme minor:

  1. Major cause?
  2. skin findings
  3. Mucus membrane findings
  4. Systemic findings
  5. Management
  6. prognosis
A
  1. Herpes Symplex virus
  2. Symmetric target lesions
  3. Only one surface – the help
  4. Prodrome of fever, arthralgias, myalgias
  5. Supportive, acyclovir
  6. Possible recurrence
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10
Q

Erythema multiforme major:

  1. Major cause?
  2. skin findings
  3. Mucus membrane findings
  4. Systemic findings
  5. Management
  6. prognosis
A
  1. Mycoplasma, drugs
  2. Symmetric target lesions acral and truncal
  3. Two mucosal surfaces involved – mouth and eyes
  4. Prodrome a fever, arthralgias, myalgias,
  5. Supportive,
  6. Good
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11
Q

SJS:

  1. Major cause?
  2. skin findings
  3. Mucus membrane findings
  4. Systemic findings
  5. Management
  6. prognosis
A
  1. Drugs
  2. Atypical asymmetric target lesions, blisters, the closest
  3. At least two mucosal surfaces involved
  4. Prodrome of high fever, cough, malaise, headache, arthralgias
  5. Steroids, IVIG, burn unit
  6. 5% mortality
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12
Q
  1. Circular scaly erythematous patches with partial central clearing
  2. Scaling and erythema between the toes
  3. Scaling and erythema in groin/inguinal creases
  4. Thickening and yellow discoloration of nails

Diagnose with?

A
  1. Tinea corporis – “ringworm”
  2. Tinea pedis
  3. Tinea cruris
  4. Tinea unguium

KOH

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13
Q

Tinea versicolor – causal organism? Invades what skin layer? Microscopic examination will show? Wood’s light evaluation shows?

A

Pityrosporum orbiculare

Stratum corneum

“Spaghetti and meatballs” appearance; yellow/orange fluorescence

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14
Q

Morbilliform versus scarlatiniform?

A

Measles-like versus scarlet fever-like (papular, Vesicular, petechial)

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15
Q

Erythema infectiosum – Causal organism? Description of the rash? No longer contagious when?

A

Parvovirus; lacy, reticular; when rash appears

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16
Q

Roseola infantum – causal organism? Page? Clinical features?

A

HHV 6/7, adenovirus, echovirus; less than two years old

Few days of high fever followed by pink papillae rash on trunk

17
Q

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome– AKA? Age? Associated with what viruses? Clinical features? Maybe preceded by?

A

Papular acrodermatitis; Younger than three years

Hepatitis B, EBV, CMV, Coxsackie

Red papules in acral areas (extremities, but, cheeks) lasting for weeks

URI

18
Q

Most common HSV infection during infancy/childhood?

A

Gingivostomatitis – Grouped vesicles and ulcers on lips, and corners of mouth, tongue

19
Q

Complications of Varicella infection?

A
  1. Skin – bacterial superinfection, scarring, necrotizing fasciitis
  2. CMS – encephalitis, acute cerebellar ataxia
  3. Lung – pneumonia
20
Q

Teratogenic effects of varicella?

A
  1. Skin – zigzag scarring
  2. CNS – damage
  3. Extremities – shortened or malformed
  4. Eye – cataracts or chorioretinitis
21
Q
  1. Neonatal HSV?

2. Herpetic Whitlow

A
  1. Vesicles on the scalp, apnea, lethargy, meningioencephalitis
  2. HSV infection of them/fingers due to finger sucking
22
Q

Herpangina

A

Hand-foot-mouth disease, but only oral ulcers are present

23
Q

Condylomata acuminata – causal organism? Management?

A

HPV; liquid nitrogen, podophyllin, salicylic acid

24
Q

Flesh colored papules with central umbilication? Associated with what virus? Tx?

A

Molluscum contagiosum; poxvirus;

podophyllin, trichloroacetic acid, liquid nitrogen, salicylic acid, cantharidin

25
Q

Six Legged insect that attaches to skin and ingests blood? Unique finding in pubic variety? Tx?

A

Pediculus humanus; phthirus pubis

Black crusted papules or blue macules

  1. Head lice - 1% permethrin shampoo
  2. Body/pubic lice – 1% gamma-benzene hexachlorophene lotion
26
Q

Scabies – treatment? Who should be treated? How long does the itching last?

A

Permethrin lotion or lindane (In adolescents and above)

All household contacts

Up to 30 days after treatment

27
Q

Causes of hypopigmentation?

A
  1. Postinflammatory hypopigmentation
  2. Pityriasis alba – hypopigmented, dry, scaly patches found on cheeks. Related to atopic dermatitis
  3. Vitiligo
  4. Oculocutaneous Albinism – genetic defect in melanin synthesis
28
Q

Tuberous sclerosis?

A 
HAMARTOMAS
Adenoma Sebaceum
Mitral regurgitation
Ash-leaf spots
Cardiac rhabdomyoma
Tubers (Cortical or subependymoma)
Autosomal dominant
Mental retardation
Renal angiomyolipoma
Seizures/Shagreen patch (Thickened orange peel appearance)
29
Q

Iris hamartoma – disease?

A

Lisch nodules – neurofibromatosis

30
Q

Diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type one?

A

Two or more:

  1. 6+ café au lait spots
  2. 2+ neurofibromas
  3. Freckling in axilla or grind
  4. optic glioma
  5. 2+ Iris hamartomas (Lisch)
  6. Osseous lesion (scoliosis, sphenoid dysplasia)
  7. Family history
31
Q

Increased risk of malignancy with what type of nevi?

A

Giant nevi> Congenital nevi

> Acquired nevi

32
Q

Alopecia – treatment?

A

Most patients and regrow hair within one year

Accelerate with corticosteroids or topical Minoxidil

33
Q

Causes of hair loss?

A
  1. Alopecia areata
  2. Tinea capitis
  3. Traumatic alopecia
34
Q

Types of traumatic alopecia?

A
  1. Trichotillomania - hair loss as a result of unconscious or conscious pulling/twisting
  2. Hair loss caused by constant traction or friction (braids, curling, rubbing)
35
Q

Telogen effluvium?

A

Hair loss called by acute stress event

36
Q

Allergic Contact dermatitis – cell responsible? Management?

A

T cell mediated; corticosteroids

Pediatrics (38 decks)

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