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Clinical Anatomy 2021 > Neck & Suboccipital > Flashcards

Neck & Suboccipital Flashcards

1
Q

What is the investing fascia?

A

Deep cervical fascia- splits around the sternocleidomastoid, encircles neck

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2
Q

What is the pretracheal fascia?

A

Deep cervical fascia- goes around thyroid, trachea, esophagus

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3
Q

What is the prevertebral fascia?

A

Deep cervical fascia- goes around vertebral and deep flexor/extensor muscles

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4
Q

What is the carotid sheath?

A

Deep cervical fascia- a neurovascular bundle with the IJ laterally, common carotid medially, vagus n posterior

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5
Q

Anterior digastric- suprahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon

FUNCTION- depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid

INNERVATION- mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n. (from CN V3)

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6
Q

Posterior Digastric- suprahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the temporal mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon

FUNCTION- depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid

INNERVATION- facial n.

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7
Q

Geniohyoid- suprahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible to the anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid

FUNCTION- depresses mandible, elevates the hyoid and tongue

INNERVATION- ventral ramus of C1 via CN XII

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8
Q

Longus Capitis

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the basilar occipital bone

FUNCTION- flexion of the head & neck (bilateral) ipsilateral rotation (unilateral)

INNERVATION- ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C1-3)

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9
Q

Longus colli (L. neck)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from cervical vertebral bodies to cervical vertebral bodies & transverse processes

FUNCTION- flexion, lateral flexion of the neck and ipsilateral rotation

INNERVATION- ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C2-7)

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10
Q

Mylohyoid- suprahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to the midline raphe & anterior aspect of body of the hyoid

FUNCTION- elevation of the floor of the oral cavity

INNERVATION- mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n. (from CN V3)

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11
Q

Omohyoid (G. omos, shoulder)- infrahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch to lateral hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the clavicle & 1st rib

FUNCTION- depression of the hyoid

INNERVATION- ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

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12
Q

Anterior scalene

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterior tubercles of middle cervical vertebrae to the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib

FUNCTION- elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of the neck

INNERVATION- lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

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13
Q

Middle scalene

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to 1st rib

FUNCTION- elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of the neck

INNERVATION- lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

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14
Q

Posterior scalene

A

ATTACHMENTS- from lower cervical transverse processes to the 2nd rib

FUNCTION- elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the neck

INNERVATION- ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C6-8)

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15
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the lateral aspect of the mastoid process & superior nuchal line to the manubrium & medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

FUNCTION- flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, and extension of the head & neck, & contralateral rotation of the head

INNERVATION- accessory n & C1,2

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16
Q

Sternohyoid- infrahynoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the posterior side of the proximal clavicle & adjacent manubrium to the inferior border of body of the hyoid

FUNCTION- depresses the hyoid

INNERVATION- ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

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17
Q

Sternothyroid- infrahynoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the posterior aspect of the manubrium & costal cartilage of 1st rib to the thyroid lamina

FUNCTION- depression of the elevated larynx

INNERVATION- ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

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18
Q

Stylohyoid- suprahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the styloid process of temporal bone to the body of hyoid bone

FUNCTION- elevation & retraction of the hyoid

INNVERATION- facial n.

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19
Q

Thyrohyoid- infrahyoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the thyroid lamina to the greater horn of the hyoid bone

FUNCTION- depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage

INNERVATION- ventral ramus of C1 via XII

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20
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

ATTACHMENTS- from spinous process C2 to lateral aspect inferior nuchal line

ACTIONS- extension and ipsilateral rotation

INNERVATION- suboccipital nerve

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21
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

ATTACHMENTS- from tubercle on posterior arch C1 to medial aspect inferior nuchal line

ACTION: extension

INNERVATION: suboccipital nerve

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22
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique)

A

ATTACHMENTS: from spinous process of C2 to transverse process C1

ACTION: ipsilateral rotation

INNERVATION: suboccipital nerve

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23
Q

Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique)

A

ATTACHMENTS: from transverse process of C1 to between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bones

ACTIONS: extension and lateral flexion

INNERVATION: suboccipital nerve

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24
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior- midline of neck
Superior- Inferior border of mandible,

Sternocleidomastoid

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25
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Posterior- Trapezius
Inferior- Clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid

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26
Q

What are the 4 triangles within the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Carotid, muscular, submental, and submandibular.

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27
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

The posterior belly of digastric, SCM, and superior belly of omohyoid.

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28
Q

What are the two triangles within the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Occipital and supraclavicular

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29
Q

What are the borders of the occipital triangle?

A

The trapezius, the inferior belly of omohyoid, and the SCM.

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30
Q

What are the borders of the supraclavicular triangle?

A

The inferior belly of omohyoid, the clavicle, and SCM.

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31
Q

What are the 5 pharyngeal (branchial) arches?

A

Mandibular, hyoid, third, fourth, sixth.

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32
Q

What muscles arise from the mandibular pharyngeal arch?

A

Mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric.

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33
Q

What innervates the muscles of the mandibular pharyngeal arch?

A

Trigeminal N (CN V3)

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34
Q

What muscles arise from the hyoid pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid.

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35
Q

What innervates the muscles of the hyoid pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial N (CN VII)

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36
Q

What muscles arise from the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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37
Q

What innervates the muscle of the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)

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38
Q

What muscles arise from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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39
Q

What innervates the muscles of the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Vagus N (CN X), superior laryngeal

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40
Q

What are the muscles that arrive from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Intrinsic laryngeal

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41
Q

What innervates the muscles of the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Vagus N (CN X), recurrent laryngeal

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42
Q

What is the function of the branchial motor axons?

A

Innervate skeletal muscles from pharyngeal arches.

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43
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles of neck?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor and major, superior oblique and inferior oblique.

44
Q

What is included in the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

name: mandibular
muscles: mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric
nerve: Trigeminal V3

45
Q

What is included in the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

name: hyoid
muscles: facial expression, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid
nerve: Facial VII

46
Q

What is included in the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Name: Third

muscles: stylopharyngeus
nerve: Glossopharyngeal IX

47
Q

What is included in the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

Name: fourth

muscles: cricothyroid, inf pharyngeal constrictor
nerve: Vagus X, sup laryngeal

48
Q

What is included in the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

name: sixth
muscles: intrinstic laryngeal
nerve: Vagus X, recur laryngeal

49
Q

What is the functional component of motor axons?

A

innervate skeletal muscle

50
Q

What is the functional component of sensory axons?

A

impulses from skin/viscera

51
Q

What is the functional component of pre/post symp/parasymp axons?

A

innervate smooth muscle

52
Q

What is the functional component of branchial motor axons?

A

innervate skeletal muscle from pharyngeal arches

53
Q

What is the functional component of special sensory axons?

A

taste, smell

vision, hearing, equilibrium

54
Q
  1. The parotid duct passes _____ and ____ to the masseter muscle.
A

superifical, anterior

55
Q
  1. The parotid gland is positioned ____ and ______ to the masseter muscle
A

posterior, superficial

56
Q
  1. The branches of the facial nerve pass _____ to the masseter muscle.
A

superficial

57
Q
  1. The facial artery passes_____ to the mandible (body).
A

superficial

58
Q
  1. On the face, the facial vein is positioned _____ to the facial artery.
A

posterior

59
Q
  1. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is positioned _____ to both the omohyoid muscle and the carotid sheath.
A

superficial

60
Q
  1. The external jugular vein passes ______ to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
A

superficial

61
Q
  1. The great auricular and transverse cervical nerves pass _____ and ______ to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
A

posterior, superficial

62
Q
  1. The lesser occipital nerve passes _____ to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
A

posterior

63
Q
  1. The accessory nerve passes ____ and then _____ to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
A

deep, posterior

64
Q
  1. The hyoid bone is positioned ______ to the thyroid cartilage.
A

superior

65
Q
  1. The omohyoid muscle is positioned anterior-lateral to the sternothyroid muscle and passes _____ to the carotid sheath.
A

superifical

66
Q
  1. At the level of the thyroid cartilage, the sternothyroid muscle is positioned ____ and _____ to the sternohyoid muscle.
A

deep and lateral

67
Q
  1. The submandibular gland is positioned _____ and ______ to the mylohyoid muscle.
A

posterior, inferior

68
Q
  1. The digastric muscle (anterior belly) is positioned _____ (inferior-lateral) to the mylohyoid muscle.
A

superficial

69
Q
  1. The thyroid gland (lobes) is positioned directly _____ to the trachea.
A

lateral

70
Q
  1. The ansa cervicalis (inferior root) passes (______) to the internal jugular vein.
A

superficial

71
Q
  1. The ansa cervicalis (superior root) is positioned ____ to the internal jugular vein.
A

anterior

72
Q
  1. The vagus nerve is positioned posterior-medial to the internal jugular vein and ______ to the common carotid artery.
A

posterior-lateral

73
Q
  1. The internal jugular vein is positioned _____ to the carotid artery.
A

lateral

74
Q
  1. The external carotid artery is positioned ____ to the internal carotid artery.
A

anterior

75
Q
  1. The facial artery passes _____ to the stylohyoid muscle and the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle.
A

deep

76
Q
  1. The hypoglossal nerve passes _____to the stylohyoid muscle and the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle and ___ to the hyoglossus muscle.
A

deep, superficial

77
Q
  1. During its posterior course, the occipital artery first passes _____ and then ______ to the hypoglossal nerve.
A

deep, superficial

78
Q
  1. The subclavian artery passes directly _____ to the anterior scalene muscle.
A

posterior

79
Q
  1. The phrenic nerve and subclavian vein pass directly _____ to the anterior scalene muscle.
A

anterior

80
Q
  1. The suprascapular and transverse cervical arteries typically pass directly _____ to the anterior scalene muscle.
A

anterior

81
Q

Optic n. (CN II)

A

function- carries visual sensory information from the neural retina to the diencephalon & midbrain

82
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

function- anatomical site where axons arising from the nasal (medial) half of the retina cross the midline to the contralateral optic tract

83
Q

Superior ramus-muscular branches

A

function- motor innervation (oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain) of the superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles

84
Q

Inferior Ramus

A

a. Muscular branches
function- motor innervation (oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain) of the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles

b. Parasympathetic communication to the ciliary ganglion
function- preganglionic parasympathetic innervation (Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the midbrain) of the ciliary ganglion, the postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel with the short ciliary nerves (branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve) and innervate the ciliary body and constrictor muscle of the iris

85
Q

Trochlear n. (CN IV)

A

function- motor innervation (trochlear nucleus of the midbrain) of the superior oblique muscle

86
Q

Ophthalmic n. (V1)

A

a. Lacrimal n. [L. lacrima, tear]
function- sensory innervation of the lacrimal gland and the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the upper lid, & postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland (via CN VII)

b. Frontal n.
i. Supraorbital n.
function- sensory innervation of the skin overlying the forehead
ii. Supratrochlear n.
function- sensory innervation of the skin overlying the medial aspect of the forehead

87
Q

Nasociliary n.- Anterior ethmoidal n.

A

function- sensory innervation of the mucosa of the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses, the mucosa of the superior aspect of the nasal cavity, and the skin overlying the nose

88
Q

Nasociliary n- Posterior ethmoidal n.

A

function- sensory innervation of the mucosa of the sphenoid and ethmoidal sinuses and superior nasal cavity

89
Q

Nasociliary n-Long ciliary n

A

function- sensory innervation of the eye, and postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the dilator muscle of the iris

90
Q

Nasociliary- short ciliary n

A

function- sensory innervation of the eye, postganglionic sympathetic (pupil dilation) & postganglionic parasympathetic (cell bodies in ciliary ganglion) innervation of the constrictor smooth muscle of the iris and ciliary bodies of lens (accommodation; via CN III)

91
Q

Nasociliary n- infratrochlear n

A

function- sensory innervation of the skin overlying the bridge of the nose

92
Q

Zygomatic n.

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the zygomatic arch, and postganglionic parasympathetic (axons via CN VII arise from pterygopalatine ganglion) innervation of the lacrimal gland (communicates with the lacrimal n.of V1)

93
Q

Posterior superior alveolar n.

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the upper molars, and sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & postganglionic parasympathetic (via CN VII) innervation of maxillary sinus

94
Q

Infraorbital n

A

function- sensory innervation of the skin of the upper lip, lateral nose and lower eyelid, and mucosa of upper lip

95
Q

Masseter

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the zygomatic arch to the angle of the mandible & lateral aspect of the ramus

FUNCTION- elevation, protraction and retraction (deep fibers) of the mandible

INNERVATION- mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve

96
Q

Temporalis

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process & anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

FUNCTION- elevation & retraction (posterior aspect of the muscle) of the mandible

INNERVATION- mandibular nerve from trigeminal nerve

97
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- infratemporal surface of the sphenoid & lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the neck of the mandible & the TMJ disc

FUNCTION- depresses mandible, protracts & acts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during chewing

INNERVATION- mandibular nerve (V3)

98
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate & adjacent maxilla to the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible

FUNCTION- elevation of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food

INNERVATION- mandibular nerve (from Trigeminal n)

99
Q

Splenius capitis

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the ligamentum nuchae and lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes to the lateral third of the superior nuchal line

FUNCTION- extension & lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the head

INNERVATION- dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

100
Q

Longissimus capitis

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the upper thoracic transverse processes to the posterior margin of the mastoid process

FUNCTION- extension & lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the head

INNERVATION- dorsal rami of spinal n.

101
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

ATTACHMENTS- from upper thoracic & cervical transverse processes to the occipital bone between the inferior & superior nuchal lines

FUNCTION- extension & contralateral rotation of the head

INNERVATION- dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

102
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

ATTACHMENTS- from C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance with slips to intervening spinous processes

FUNCTION- attachment for cervical muscles

103
Q

Transverse (cruciate) of atlas

A

ATTACHMENTS- from lateral mass to lateral mass of atlas

FUNCTION- maintains articulation between dens and anterior arch of the atlas

104
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the posterior surface of axial body to anterior margin of the foramen magnum

FUNCTION- supports atlanto-occipital & atlanto-axial joints, continuous with the posterior longitudinal lig.

105
Q

Lateral temporomandibular

A

ATTACHMENTS- from zygomatic process of temporal bone to mandibular neck

FUNCTION- supports joint capsule in maintaining articulation, & helps to limit depression & retraction

106
Q

Sphenomandibular

A

ATTACHMENTS- from spine of sphenoid to lingua

FUNCTION- a check ligament to prevent excessive depression

107
Q

Stylomandibular

A

ATTACHMENTS- from styloid process to angle of mandible

FUNCTION- taut during moderate opening

Clinical Anatomy 2021 (11 decks)

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