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Clinical Anatomy 2021 > Glutes, Thigh, Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Glutes, Thigh, Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the sacroiliac?

A

plane

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the tibiofemoral?

A

bi-condylar

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3
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular?

A

plane

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4
Q

What kind of joint is the Distal tibiofibular?

A

syndesmosis

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5
Q

What kind of joint is the Talocrural?

A

ginglymus or hinge

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6
Q

What kind of joint is the Subtalar?

A

plane

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the Tarsometatarsal?

A

plane

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the Metatarsophalangeal?

A

ellipsodial

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the Interphalangeal?

A

ginglymus or hinge

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10
Q

Iliacus (part of the Iliopsoas L1-4)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacral ala & sacroiliac ligaments to lesser trochanter of femur

ACTIONS- flexes and stabilizes the hip joint

INNERVATION- femoral nerve
L2-4

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11
Q

Psoas major (Part of the Iliopsoas L1-4)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies & discs (T12-L5) to the lesser trochanter of femur

ACTIONS- flexes and stabilizes the hip joint

INNERVATION- ventral rami L1-4 (from lumbar plexus)

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12
Q

Rectus femoris L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to the acetabulum to the base of the patella

ACTIONS- flexes hip, and extends knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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13
Q

Sartorius L2-3

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior superior iliac spine to the medial aspect of the proximal tibia

ACTIONS- flexes, abducts & laterally rotates hip, and flexes & assists medial rotation of the knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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14
Q

Tensor fasciae latae L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior superior iliac spine & external lip iliac crest to iliotibial tract

ACTIONS- abducts, flexes & medially rotates hip, and assists in maintaining knee
extension

INNERVATION- superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

Vastus intermedius L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the femoral shaft to the lateral border of the patella

ACTIONS- extends knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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16
Q

Vastus lateralis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera to the base & lateral border of the patella

ACTIONS- extends knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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17
Q

Vastus medialis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line to the base & medial border of the patella

ACTIONS- extends leg

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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18
Q

Articularis genu L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the distal anterior shaft of femur to proximal portion of synovial membrane of knee joint

ACTIONS- pulls articular capsule proximally

INNERVATION- femoral nerve (a branch of the nerve from the vastus intermedius)

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19
Q

Adductor brevis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from inferior pubic ramus to distal 2/3 pectineal line and medial lip linea aspera

ACTIONS- adducts and flexes hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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20
Q

Adductor longus L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from pubic crest to medial lip linea aspera

ACTIONS- adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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21
Q

Adductor magnus (hamstring part: L4-5, S1)

A

ATTACHMENTS- medial supracondylar ridge & adductor tubercle of the femur (hamstring part)

ACTIONS- extends (hamstring part) hip

INNERVATION- tibial division of the sciatic nerve (hamstring part)

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22
Q

Adductor Magnus (Adductor part L2-4)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity to gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part)

ACTIONS- adducts, flexes (adductor part)

INNERVATION- obturator nerve (adductor part)

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23
Q

Gracilis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the body of the pubis & inferior pubic ramus to the medial surface of tibia, distal to condyle, proximal to insertion of semitendinosus, lateral to insertion of sartorius

ACTIONS- flexes & medially rotates the knee, and adducts hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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24
Q

Pectineus L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from superior pubic ramus to the femur between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera (pectineal line)

ACTIONS- adducts, flexes hip

INNERVATION- femoral nerve & obturator nerve

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25
Obturator externus L3-4
ATTACHMENTS- from rami of the pubis and ischium; external surface obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- obturator nerve
26
Superior gemellus L5,S1,S2
ATTACHMENTS- external surface spine of ischium via obturator internus tendon to greater trochanter ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- sacral plexus
27
Inferior gemellus L4-5, S1
ATTACHMENTS- proximal ischial tuberosity via obturator internus tendon to greater trochanter ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- sacral plexus
28
Gluteus maximus L5, S1-2
ATTACHMENTS- from the aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament & posterior gluteal line (innominate) to the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of the femur & the iliotibial tract ACTIONS- extends & laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- inferior gluteal nerve
29
Gluteus medius L4-5, S1
ATTACHMENTS- from the external iliac surface to the oblique ridge on the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter; gluteal aponeurosis ACTIONS- abducts & medially rotates hip; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised INNERVATION- superior gluteal nerve
30
Gluteus minimis L4-5, S1
ATTACHMENTS- from the external iliac surface and margin of the greater sciatic notch to the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter ACTIONS- abducts & medially rotates hip; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised INNERVATION- superior gluteal nerve
31
Obturator internus L5, S1-2
ATTACHMENTS- from the anterolateral wall of the pelvis & obturator membrane to the medial surface of the greater trochanter ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- nerve to the obturator internus (from sacral plexus)
32
Piriformis S1-2
ATTACHMENTS- from the anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine to the upper border of the greater trochanter ACTIONS- abducts & laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- nerve to piriformis
33
Quadratus femoris L4-5, S1
ATTACHMENTS- from the ischial tuberosity to the quadrate tubercle of the femur ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip INNERVATION- nerve to the quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)
34
Biceps femoris (long head,L5, S1-3)
ATTACHMENTS- from the ischial tuberosity & sacrotuberous lig. ACTIONS- flexes & laterally rotates the knee (both heads) & extends hip (long head only) INNERVATION- tibial division of sciatic (long head)
35
Biceps Femoris (short head, L5, S1-2)
ATTACHMENTS- lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line to the lateral side of fibular head ACTIONS- flexes & laterally rotates the knee (both heads) INNVERATION- fibular division of the sciatic nerve (short head)
36
Semimembranosus L4-5, S1-2
ATTACHMENTS- from ischial tuberosity to posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle ACTIONS- extends hip, and flexes & medially rotates knee INNERVATION- tibial division of the sciatic nerve
37
Semitendinosus L4-5, S1-2
ATTACHMENTS- from the ischial tuberosity to the proximal, medial tibia ACTIONS- extends hip, and flexes & medially rotates knee INNERVATION- tibial division of the sciatic nerve
38
What are the capsular ligaments of the hip?
Ischiofemoral Iliofemoral Pubofemoral
39
What do the capsular ligaments of the hip do?
Become taut during extension of the thigh at the hip
40
Describe the Fascia Lata
- wraps all the way around the thigh- deep fascia - lateral femoral cutaenous nerve punches through and then lays on top to become the cutaenous n - extension of inguinal ligament
41
What are the 3 fascial compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, posterior, and medial compartments
42
What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Hip flexors | knee extensors
43
What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Hip extensors | knee flexors
44
What are the contents of the medial compartment of the thigh?
adductors of thigh
45
What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve | except for TFL which is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
46
What innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve, | except shorthead of biceps femoris which is innervated by the fibular division of sciatic nerve
47
What innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?
The obturator nerve | except for hamstring part of adductor magnus, which is innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve.
48
What is the general blood supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral a
49
What is the general blood supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator a
50
What is the general blood supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
internal iliac a
51
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal Ligament adductor longus sartorius
52
What makes up the lateral floor of the femoral triangle?
Iliopsoas
53
What makes up the medial floor of the femoral triangle?
pectineus
54
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
femoral n,a,v
55
What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
``` Piriformis Sciatic N posterior femoral cutaneous n Superior and Inferior gluteal NAV internal pudendal A and V pudendal n. ```
56
What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator internus internal pudendal A and V pudendal n.
57
What structures are impaired in tredelenburg gait?
glute medius and minimus muscles cause the opposite hip to sag when walking due to lesion on superior gluteal n
58
What are the contents of the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery, vein, and canal.
59
Where can you palpate the femoral pulse?
In the femoral triangle, inferior to the midinguinal point.
60
What are the attachments of the (Tibial) Medial Collateral ligament?
medial epicondyle of femur to the medial condyle and shaft of tibia
61
What motion does the MCL restrict?
- stabilizes the medial aspect of the joint | - prevents abduction of the tibia
62
What are the attachments of the (fibular) Lateral Collateral ligament?
lateral epicondyle of the femur to head of the fibula
63
What motion does the LCL restrict?
- stabilizes the lateral aspect of the joint | - prevents adduction of the tibia
64
What are the attachments of ACL?
medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
65
What is the function of ACL?
Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee
66
What are the attachments of PCL?
posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur
67
What is the function of PCL?
Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia
68
What are the attachments of the patellar ligament?
apex of the patella to tibial tuberosity
69
What is the function of the patellar ligament?
resists knee flexion
70
What are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?
AIIS to the intertrochanteric line of femur
71
What is the function of the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments?
limits extension of thigh at hip
72
What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?
ischium posterior to the acetabulum to the greater trochanter and iliofemoral ligament
73
What are the attachments of the pubofemoral ligament?
iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the fibrous capsule
74
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
limits abduction of femur
75
Which dermatome is the 1st toe?
L4
76
Which dermatome is the 5th toe?
S1
77
Which dermatome is half of the 1st toe and toes 2-4?
L5
78
Where do the superficial inguinal nodes go?
superficial inferior to umbilicus
79
Where do the deep inguinal nodes go?
deep thigh, pop and superficial inguinal nodes
80
Where do the popliteal nodes go?
knee, deep leg, foot
81
What do Menisci do?
Absorb shock, decrease friction and increase contact area
82
Differentiate between the medial and lateral menisci
Medial "C" larger | Lateral "O" smaller
83
Where is the medial meniscus attached?
MCL
84
Describe meniscus injury
total meniscectomy - more popular procedure in the past - removal may increase wear on articular cartilage - increase chance for developing degenerative joint disease - eventual total knee replacement
85
Explain menisci blood supply
blood flow= greatest in the peripheral 1/3 | least in central 1/3
86
Where does the innervation come from for the lumbar plexus?
posterior abdominal wall
87
Which bones form the innomiate?
Ilium ischium pubis
88
Where do the innominate bones meet?
acetabulum
89
Describe innominate bones
- They fuse at different time points - full fusion= innominate bone - ischiopubic ramus fuses at 7-8 years - full fusion at 15-25 years - most susceptible for fractures at fusion locations - acetabulum+ischiopubic ramus=high risk fracture
90
Explain the gender differences in the pubic area
subpubic angle on females is larger=90 degrees men its only 50-80 degrees -iliac flare also greater in female
91
Explain the acetabulum
- lunate surface is incomplete - closed off by transverse acetabular ligament - lined by articular cartilage - transverse acetabular ligament is site of attachment for ligament head of femur
92
Explain Wolff's Law
There are 2 types of lines; compressive and tension - channels of bone grow in response to force - lines resorb with advancing age and predisposition to fracture because the channels are less strong - bone densitometry used to assess risk of fracture - lines go away with a sedentary lifestyle
93
Explain posterior hip dislocation
- outnumbers anterior by 9:1 - usually happens through MVA - may injure posterior acetabulum/labrum - most critcially injure sciatic n
94
What are the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?
anterior sacroiliac lig sacrotuberous lig sacrospinous lig greater sciatic notch
95
What are the boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen?
spine of ischium sacrotuberous lig tuberosity of ischium
96
What is genu varum?
knees apart bow legged coxa valga
97
What is genu valgum?
knees together knock kneed coxa vara
98
Explain the angle of inclination for coxa valga
anything greater than 125 - leads to genu varum - lengthens lower extremity - increases load on femoral head, decreases load on femoral neck - distal femoral shaft is pointed more laterally compared to head and neck
99
Explain the angle of inclination for coxa vara
anything less than 125 - leads to genu valgum - shortens lower extremity - reduces load on femoral head, increases load on femoral neck - distal femoral shaft is pointed medially compared to head and neck
100
Explain Q angle
where the line of the shaft of femur and the line of shaft of tibia intersect - men=12 - women= 17
101
What is the goal for stability?
To fully sit the head of femur in acetabulum
102
What is anteversion?
increased angle
103
what is retroversion?
decreased angle
104
What would anterversion cause at the feet?
pigeon toed
105
What would retroversion cause at the feet?
duck feet
106
Explain joint elements
- joint capsule lined interiorly by synovial membrane - blood and nerve supply-articular branches - joint position senses pain at joint in articular b of a peripheral n. - when a nerve innervates a muscle that crosses the joint, n also innervates that joint
107
Explain avascular necrosis (AVN)
- small amount of people who don't convert from obturator to medial circumflex femoral - caused by dislocation or fracture leading bone to die - discolation can interrupt acetabular branch of obturator
108
Explain Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
usually in boys 4-10 - limp, pain, reduced ROM - typically unilateral - need to reduce loading of joint to improve - dead bone replaced in 2-3 years - unknown cause

Clinical Anatomy 2021 (11 decks)

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