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Clinical Anatomy 2021 > Glutes, Thigh, Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Glutes, Thigh, Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of joint is the sacroiliac?

A

plane

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the tibiofemoral?

A

bi-condylar

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3
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular?

A

plane

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4
Q

What kind of joint is the Distal tibiofibular?

A

syndesmosis

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5
Q

What kind of joint is the Talocrural?

A

ginglymus or hinge

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6
Q

What kind of joint is the Subtalar?

A

plane

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the Tarsometatarsal?

A

plane

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the Metatarsophalangeal?

A

ellipsodial

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the Interphalangeal?

A

ginglymus or hinge

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10
Q

Iliacus (part of the Iliopsoas L1-4)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacral ala & sacroiliac ligaments to lesser trochanter of femur

ACTIONS- flexes and stabilizes the hip joint

INNERVATION- femoral nerve
L2-4

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11
Q

Psoas major (Part of the Iliopsoas L1-4)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies & discs (T12-L5) to the lesser trochanter of femur

ACTIONS- flexes and stabilizes the hip joint

INNERVATION- ventral rami L1-4 (from lumbar plexus)

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12
Q

Rectus femoris L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to the acetabulum to the base of the patella

ACTIONS- flexes hip, and extends knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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13
Q

Sartorius L2-3

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior superior iliac spine to the medial aspect of the proximal tibia

ACTIONS- flexes, abducts & laterally rotates hip, and flexes & assists medial rotation of the knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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14
Q

Tensor fasciae latae L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterior superior iliac spine & external lip iliac crest to iliotibial tract

ACTIONS- abducts, flexes & medially rotates hip, and assists in maintaining knee
extension

INNERVATION- superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

Vastus intermedius L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the femoral shaft to the lateral border of the patella

ACTIONS- extends knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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16
Q

Vastus lateralis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera to the base & lateral border of the patella

ACTIONS- extends knee

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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17
Q

Vastus medialis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line to the base & medial border of the patella

ACTIONS- extends leg

INNERVATION- femoral nerve

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18
Q

Articularis genu L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the distal anterior shaft of femur to proximal portion of synovial membrane of knee joint

ACTIONS- pulls articular capsule proximally

INNERVATION- femoral nerve (a branch of the nerve from the vastus intermedius)

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19
Q

Adductor brevis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from inferior pubic ramus to distal 2/3 pectineal line and medial lip linea aspera

ACTIONS- adducts and flexes hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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20
Q

Adductor longus L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from pubic crest to medial lip linea aspera

ACTIONS- adducts, medially rotates, and flexes hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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21
Q

Adductor magnus (hamstring part: L4-5, S1)

A

ATTACHMENTS- medial supracondylar ridge & adductor tubercle of the femur (hamstring part)

ACTIONS- extends (hamstring part) hip

INNERVATION- tibial division of the sciatic nerve (hamstring part)

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22
Q

Adductor Magnus (Adductor part L2-4)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity to gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part)

ACTIONS- adducts, flexes (adductor part)

INNERVATION- obturator nerve (adductor part)

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23
Q

Gracilis L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the body of the pubis & inferior pubic ramus to the medial surface of tibia, distal to condyle, proximal to insertion of semitendinosus, lateral to insertion of sartorius

ACTIONS- flexes & medially rotates the knee, and adducts hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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24
Q

Pectineus L2-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from superior pubic ramus to the femur between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera (pectineal line)

ACTIONS- adducts, flexes hip

INNERVATION- femoral nerve & obturator nerve

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25
Q

Obturator externus L3-4

A

ATTACHMENTS- from rami of the pubis and ischium; external surface obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa

ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- obturator nerve

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26
Q

Superior gemellus L5,S1,S2

A

ATTACHMENTS- external surface spine of ischium via obturator internus tendon to greater trochanter

ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- sacral plexus

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27
Q

Inferior gemellus L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- proximal ischial tuberosity via obturator internus tendon to greater trochanter

ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- sacral plexus

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28
Q

Gluteus maximus L5, S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament & posterior gluteal line (innominate) to the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of the femur & the iliotibial tract

ACTIONS- extends & laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- inferior gluteal nerve

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29
Q

Gluteus medius L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the external iliac surface to the oblique ridge on the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter; gluteal aponeurosis

ACTIONS- abducts & medially rotates hip; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

INNERVATION- superior gluteal nerve

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30
Q

Gluteus minimis L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the external iliac surface and margin of the greater sciatic notch to the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter

ACTIONS- abducts & medially rotates hip; and keeps the pelvis level when opposite leg is raised

INNERVATION- superior gluteal nerve

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31
Q

Obturator internus L5, S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterolateral wall of the pelvis & obturator membrane to the medial surface of the greater trochanter

ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- nerve to the obturator internus (from sacral plexus)

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32
Q

Piriformis S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine to the upper border of the greater trochanter

ACTIONS- abducts & laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- nerve to piriformis

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33
Q

Quadratus femoris L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the ischial tuberosity to the quadrate tubercle of the femur

ACTIONS- laterally rotates hip

INNERVATION- nerve to the quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)

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34
Q

Biceps femoris (long head,L5, S1-3)

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the ischial tuberosity & sacrotuberous lig.

ACTIONS- flexes & laterally rotates the knee (both heads) & extends hip (long head only)

INNERVATION- tibial division of sciatic (long head)

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35
Q

Biceps Femoris (short head, L5, S1-2)

A

ATTACHMENTS- lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line to the lateral side of fibular head

ACTIONS- flexes & laterally rotates the knee (both heads)

INNVERATION- fibular division of the sciatic nerve (short head)

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36
Q

Semimembranosus L4-5, S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from ischial tuberosity to posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle

ACTIONS- extends hip, and flexes & medially rotates knee

INNERVATION- tibial division of the sciatic nerve

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37
Q

Semitendinosus L4-5, S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the ischial tuberosity to the proximal, medial tibia

ACTIONS- extends hip, and flexes & medially rotates knee

INNERVATION- tibial division of the sciatic nerve

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38
Q

What are the capsular ligaments of the hip?

A

Ischiofemoral
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral

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39
Q

What do the capsular ligaments of the hip do?

A

Become taut during extension of the thigh at the hip

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40
Q

Describe the Fascia Lata

A
  • wraps all the way around the thigh- deep fascia
  • lateral femoral cutaenous nerve punches through and then lays on top to become the cutaenous n
  • extension of inguinal ligament
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41
Q

What are the 3 fascial compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, posterior, and medial compartments

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42
Q

What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip flexors

knee extensors

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43
Q

What are the contents of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip extensors

knee flexors

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44
Q

What are the contents of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

adductors of thigh

45
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

except for TFL which is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

46
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve,

except shorthead of biceps femoris which is innervated by the fibular division of sciatic nerve

47
Q

What innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

The obturator nerve

except for hamstring part of adductor magnus, which is innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve.

48
Q

What is the general blood supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral a

49
Q

What is the general blood supply of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator a

50
Q

What is the general blood supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

internal iliac a

51
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal Ligament
adductor longus
sartorius

52
Q

What makes up the lateral floor of the femoral triangle?

A

Iliopsoas

53
Q

What makes up the medial floor of the femoral triangle?

A

pectineus

54
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral n,a,v

55
Q

What passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A 
Piriformis
Sciatic N
posterior femoral cutaneous n
Superior and Inferior gluteal NAV
internal pudendal A and V
pudendal n.
56
Q

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Obturator internus
internal pudendal A and V
pudendal n.

57
Q

What structures are impaired in tredelenburg gait?

A

glute medius and minimus muscles cause the opposite hip to sag when walking
due to lesion on superior gluteal n

58
Q

What are the contents of the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery, vein, and canal.

59
Q

Where can you palpate the femoral pulse?

A

In the femoral triangle, inferior to the midinguinal point.

60
Q

What are the attachments of the (Tibial) Medial Collateral ligament?

A

medial epicondyle of femur to the medial condyle and shaft of tibia

61
Q

What motion does the MCL restrict?

A
  • stabilizes the medial aspect of the joint

- prevents abduction of the tibia

62
Q

What are the attachments of the (fibular) Lateral Collateral ligament?

A

lateral epicondyle of the femur to head of the fibula

63
Q

What motion does the LCL restrict?

A
  • stabilizes the lateral aspect of the joint

- prevents adduction of the tibia

64
Q

What are the attachments of ACL?

A

medial part of the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

65
Q

What is the function of ACL?

A

Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of the knee

66
Q

What are the attachments of PCL?

A

posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur

67
Q

What is the function of PCL?

A

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

68
Q

What are the attachments of the patellar ligament?

A

apex of the patella to tibial tuberosity

69
Q

What is the function of the patellar ligament?

A

resists knee flexion

70
Q

What are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

AIIS to the intertrochanteric line of femur

71
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments?

A

limits extension of thigh at hip

72
Q

What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

ischium posterior to the acetabulum to the greater trochanter and iliofemoral ligament

73
Q

What are the attachments of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

iliopubic eminence and superior pubic ramus to the fibrous capsule

74
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

limits abduction of femur

75
Q

Which dermatome is the 1st toe?

A

L4

76
Q

Which dermatome is the 5th toe?

A

S1

77
Q

Which dermatome is half of the 1st toe and toes 2-4?

A

L5

78
Q

Where do the superficial inguinal nodes go?

A

superficial inferior to umbilicus

79
Q

Where do the deep inguinal nodes go?

A

deep thigh, pop and superficial inguinal nodes

80
Q

Where do the popliteal nodes go?

A

knee, deep leg, foot

81
Q

What do Menisci do?

A

Absorb shock, decrease friction and increase contact area

82
Q

Differentiate between the medial and lateral menisci

A

Medial “C” larger

Lateral “O” smaller

83
Q

Where is the medial meniscus attached?

A

MCL

84
Q

Describe meniscus injury

A

total meniscectomy

  • more popular procedure in the past
  • removal may increase wear on articular cartilage
  • increase chance for developing degenerative joint disease
  • eventual total knee replacement
85
Q

Explain menisci blood supply

A

blood flow= greatest in the peripheral 1/3

least in central 1/3

86
Q

Where does the innervation come from for the lumbar plexus?

A

posterior abdominal wall

87
Q

Which bones form the innomiate?

A

Ilium
ischium
pubis

88
Q

Where do the innominate bones meet?

A

acetabulum

89
Q

Describe innominate bones

A
  • They fuse at different time points
  • full fusion= innominate bone
  • ischiopubic ramus fuses at 7-8 years
  • full fusion at 15-25 years
  • most susceptible for fractures at fusion locations
  • acetabulum+ischiopubic ramus=high risk fracture
90
Q

Explain the gender differences in the pubic area

A

subpubic angle on females is larger=90 degrees
men its only 50-80 degrees
-iliac flare also greater in female

91
Q

Explain the acetabulum

A
  • lunate surface is incomplete
  • closed off by transverse acetabular ligament
  • lined by articular cartilage
  • transverse acetabular ligament is site of attachment for ligament head of femur
92
Q

Explain Wolff’s Law

A

There are 2 types of lines; compressive and tension

  • channels of bone grow in response to force
  • lines resorb with advancing age and predisposition to fracture because the channels are less strong
  • bone densitometry used to assess risk of fracture
  • lines go away with a sedentary lifestyle
93
Q

Explain posterior hip dislocation

A
  • outnumbers anterior by 9:1
  • usually happens through MVA
  • may injure posterior acetabulum/labrum
  • most critcially injure sciatic n
94
Q

What are the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

anterior sacroiliac lig
sacrotuberous lig
sacrospinous lig
greater sciatic notch

95
Q

What are the boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

spine of ischium
sacrotuberous lig
tuberosity of ischium

96
Q

What is genu varum?

A

knees apart
bow legged
coxa valga

97
Q

What is genu valgum?

A

knees together
knock kneed
coxa vara

98
Q

Explain the angle of inclination for coxa valga

A

anything greater than 125

  • leads to genu varum
  • lengthens lower extremity
  • increases load on femoral head, decreases load on femoral neck
  • distal femoral shaft is pointed more laterally compared to head and neck
99
Q

Explain the angle of inclination for coxa vara

A

anything less than 125

  • leads to genu valgum
  • shortens lower extremity
  • reduces load on femoral head, increases load on femoral neck
  • distal femoral shaft is pointed medially compared to head and neck
100
Q

Explain Q angle

A

where the line of the shaft of femur and the line of shaft of tibia intersect

  • men=12
  • women= 17
101
Q

What is the goal for stability?

A

To fully sit the head of femur in acetabulum

102
Q

What is anteversion?

A

increased angle

103
Q

what is retroversion?

A

decreased angle

104
Q

What would anterversion cause at the feet?

A

pigeon toed

105
Q

What would retroversion cause at the feet?

A

duck feet

106
Q

Explain joint elements

A
  • joint capsule lined interiorly by synovial membrane
  • blood and nerve supply-articular branches
  • joint position senses pain at joint in articular b of a peripheral n.
  • when a nerve innervates a muscle that crosses the joint, n also innervates that joint
107
Q

Explain avascular necrosis (AVN)

A
  • small amount of people who don’t convert from obturator to medial circumflex femoral
  • caused by dislocation or fracture leading bone to die
  • discolation can interrupt acetabular branch of obturator
108
Q

Explain Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A

usually in boys 4-10

  • limp, pain, reduced ROM
  • typically unilateral
  • need to reduce loading of joint to improve
  • dead bone replaced in 2-3 years
  • unknown cause

Clinical Anatomy 2021 (11 decks)

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