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Clinical Anatomy 2021 > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Abductor digiti minimi S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from calcaneal tuberosity to lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit

ACTIONS- abducts & flexes 5th digit

INNERVATION- lateral plantar nerve

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2
Q

Abductor hallucis L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from medial calcaneal tuberosity to medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe

ACTIONS- flexes & abducts great toe

INNERVATION- medial plantar nerve

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3
Q

Adductor hallucis S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) to lateral base of the proximal phalanx of great toe

ACTIONS- adducts great toe

INNERVATION- lateral plantar nerve

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4
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from anterolateral calcaneus to dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx (digit 1 for EHB) or to the lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (digits 2-4 for EDB)

ACTIONS- extension of digits 2-5 (MP & IP; EDB) and extension of digit 1 (EHB)

INNERVATION- deep fibular nerve

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5
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from extensor digitorum brevis to dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

ACTION- extension of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint

INNERVATION- deep fibular nerve

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6
Q

Quadratus plantae S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from medial surface of calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity to long flexor tendons

ACTIONS- assists flexor digitorum longus

INNERVATION- lateral plantar nerve

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7
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from medial process of calcaneal tuberosity to sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

ACTIONS- flexes toes (proximal IP)

INNERVATION- medial plantar nerve

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8
Q

Flexor digiti minimi S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from 5th metatarsal base to proximal phalangeal base

ACTIONS- flexion of 5th digit (MP)

INNERVATION- lateral plantar nerve

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9
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis L4-5, S1

A

ATTACHMENTS- from cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior to base of the proximal phalanx of great toe

ACTIONS- flexion of great toe (MP)

INNERVATION- medial plantar nerve

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10
Q

Dorsal interossei S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from metatarsal shafts to proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4

ACTIONS- abducts (MP) & flexes (MP) digits 2-4

INNERVATION- lateral plantar nerve

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11
Q

Plantar interossei S1-2

A

ATTACHMENTS- from plantar surface of base of metatarsals to dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5

ACTIONS- adducts & flexes (MP) digits 3-5

INNERVATION- lateral plantar nerve

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12
Q

Lumbricals

A

ATTACHMENTS- from tendons of flexor digitorum longus to medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5

ACTIONS- flexes proximal phalanges (MP), and extend IP joints

INNERVATION- 1st- medial plantar nerve & 2nd-4th- lateral plantar nerve

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the 1st lumbrical?

A

L4-5

S1

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14
Q

What is the innervation of 2-4th lumbricals?

A

S1-2

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15
Q

what are the attachments of Talocrural fibrous capsule?

A

from the borders of the articular surfaces of tibia & malleoli to the margins of the trochlear surface of the talus

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16
Q

What are the attachments and function of the Medial collateral (deltoid) ligament?

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the medial malleolus to the talus, navicular & sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus

FUNCTION- stabilizes joint & resists forced eversion

common to have secondary injuries with this sprain
strong

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17
Q

What are the Lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A
  1. Posterior talofibular
  2. Calcaneofibular
  3. Lateral talocalceneal
  4. Anterior talofibular
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18
Q

What are the functions of the lateral ligaments of the ankle?

A

stabilize joint & resist forced inversion

weaker

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19
Q

What are the Long plantar attachments?

A

from the plantar surface of the calcaneus & cuboid to the plantar surface of the bases of the metatarsals

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20
Q

What are the Plantar calcaneocuboid (aka “short plantar lig.”) attachments?

A

from calcaneus to the plantar surface of the cuboid

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21
Q

What are the attachments and function of the Plantar calcaneonavicular (aka “spring lig.”)?

A

ATTACHMENTS- from the anterior margin of the sustentaculum tali to the plantar surface of the navicular

FUNCTION- supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot

22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the foot?

A

Sciatic
Tibial: medial plantar, lateral plantar (superficial b and deep b)
common plantar
proper plantar

23
Q

What is the arterial supply to the foot?

A

popliteal

post tib: medial plantar, lat plantar (deep plantar arch)

24
Q

What is a common location to take pulse at the foot?

A

Dorsalis pedis
identify hallucis longus tendon and go lateral
tibialis anterior tendon

25
Q

What are the movements of the foot at the ankle joint?

A

plantar flexion
dorsi flexion
inversion
eversion

26
Q

What are the movements of the toes?

A

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction

27
Q

Where would you take the posterior tibial pulse?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus
calcaneal tendon
posterior tibial artery

28
Q

Explain the Talus

A

The talus is a weight bearing structure

-mdifoot translates all forces through subtalar joint and talonavicular joint into crural joint

29
Q

Explain the fibrous joint capsule of the ankle

A

Talocrural fibrous capsule

anterior talofibular ligament- thickening of the fibrous joint capsule that is easily injured

30
Q

What is the function of the Anterior talofibular ligament?

A

resists anterior translation and inversion of talus when plantar flexed

31
Q

What is the function fo the calcaneofibular ligament?

A

resists inversion of calcaneous

32
Q

What is the function of the posterior talofibular ligament?

A

resists inversion of talus

33
Q

What is the most common ankle injury?

A

Inversion (lateral) sprain
ATF usually injured first
the ankle is plantar flexed and inverted which puts ATF on the most stress
-many athletes do not have ATF in tact but experience no issues and mainly focus on balance and proprioception
-surgery not recommended bc ankle can still function

34
Q

what does the medial longitudinal arch connect?

A

calcaneous and 1st MTP joint

35
Q

what are the supporting structures in the medial longitudinal arch?

A

-spring ligament/plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

if you tear this ligament, entire arch will collapse

36
Q

Describe metatarsophalengeal joints

A
  • synovial condyloid
  • head of metatarsal; base of prox phalanges
  • collateral ligament and plantar ligament
37
Q

Describe interphalangeal joints

A
  • hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
  • head of one phalanx to base of distal one
38
Q

What is the order of structures on the medial malleolus?

A 
Tom- tibialis posterior
Dick- Flexor digitorum longus
And- posterior tibial artery
Very- Posterior Tibial Vein
Nervous- Tibial Nerve
Harry- Flexor Hallucis Longus
39
Q

What muscles are in the 1st layer of the foot?

A

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

40
Q

What is the nerve supply to the 1st layer of the foot?

A

lateral/medial plantar nerves

41
Q

What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the foot?

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals (4)

42
Q

What is the nerve supply to the 2nd layer of the foot?

A

lateral/medial plantar nerves

43
Q

What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the foot?

A

adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

44
Q

What is the nerve supply to the 3rd layer of the foot?

A

lateral/medial plantar nerves

45
Q

What muscles are in the 4th layer of the foot?

A 
planter interossei (3)
dorsal interossei (4)

digit 2- axis for ab/aduction

46
Q

What is the nerve supply to the 4th layer of the foot?

A

lateral plantar n

47
Q

What are the muscles and innervation to the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis

innervated by deep fibular n

48
Q

What are the general actions of the first layer of the foot?

A

Flex and Abduct the toes

49
Q

Describe the branching of the medial plantar nerve

A

Medial plantar nerve gives rise to the common plantar digital nerves that innervate digits 1-3, and those give rise to the proper plantar digital nerves.

50
Q

Describe the branching of the lateral plantar nerve.

A

Lateral plantar nerve gives rise to a superficial branch that innervates the 4th and 5th digit. The superficial branch gives rise to a common plantar digital nerve.

Lateral plantar nerve also gives rise to a deep branch that goes to the deeper layers of foot.

51
Q

Where would you take the medial malleolar pulse?

A

Posterior to the medial malleolus OR posterior to Flexor Hallucis longus

52
Q

Where would you take the Dorsalis pedis pulse?

A

lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon OR

medial to extensor digitorum longus

Clinical Anatomy 2021 (11 decks)

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