NBSS (neuroscience) - Introduction to Stress and Mental Health Flashcards
what are the two processes that become activated in stress?
- sympathetic nervous system
- hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA
what is the Autonomic nervous system made up of?
sympathetic “fight or flight”
parasympathetic “rest and digest”
what happens in the parasympathetic nervous system
acetyl choline released
calm and relaxed
decrease heart rate
decrease blood pressure
iris relaxes, small pupils
increase gut motility
what happens in the sympathetic nervous system
noradrenalin released
fight or flight
increase heart rate
increase blood pressure
iris contracts so pupil is larger
decrease gut motility
RELEASES CRF, ACTH AND CORTISOL!
what 5 areas of the brain are involved in the HPA axis?
amygdala
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pre-frontal cortex
hippocampus
what is the difference between autonomic nervous system and HPA?
ANS promotes psychological changes, HPA is a hormonal system
what is the amygdala concerned with and what does it release?
concerned with emotion, motivation and fear
releases CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor)
what is the hypothalamus and pituitary involved with and what does it release
involved in control of emotional reactions, feeding, and drinking
releases ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
what is the hippocampus involved in?
organising memory storage in cortex and retrieving memories stored in cortex
what is the prefrontal cortex involved with
planning and organising behaviour based upon the use of working memory
these 5 areas of the brain involved in the HPA axis: amygdala
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pre-frontal cortex
hippocampus
are all linked to what?
adrenal glands
where are the adrenal glands located
outside the brain
how do the adrenal glands communicate with the body?
adrenal cortext on outside of the gland releases cortisol directly to blood stream
it responds to ACTH released by the pituitary gland
what are 2 types of glucocorticoids
cortisol and corticosterone
what do glucocorticoids bind to?
GR receptors (glucocorticoid receptors) located on:
amygdala
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pre-frontal cortex
hippocampus
^ The parts involved in the HPA axis
what happens in the HPA during acute stress?
what happens in the HPA during chronic stress?
what is DSM-5?
