NAVIGATION

Question 1

Variation

Answer 1

The difference between true North and magnetic north. This is found by looking for the isogonal lines on the map. Applying variation to the true track gives the magnetic track.

Question 2

Deviation

Answer 2

Is the compass error caused by the aircraft. This is found on the compass card mounted on the aircraft and the aircraft journey logbook. applying deviation to the magnetic track gives the compass track.

Question 3

Variation and deviation
East is least west us best.

Answer 3

Subtract variation going east, add variation going west.

Question 4

Dead, reckoning DR navigation

Answer 4

Based on time distance and direction only.

This was the primary navigational method used in the early days. A calculated position would do allowance for possible win the fact.

Question 5

1 in 60 Rule

Answer 5

If 1° off course and the aircraft has flown for 60 NM/SM/KM it will be 1 NM/SM/KM off course.

Question 6

Opening angle (OA) =

Answer 6

Distance off course/distance flown x 60

Question 7

Closing angle (CA) =

Answer 7

Distance off course/distance remaining x 60

Question 8

Components of a wind triangle
(must know these)

Answer 8

True track (course) and ground speed
Wind direction, and wind speed
True, heading and true airspeed

Remember, the three sides of a Wynn triangle are represented by these vectors 

Question 9

Pilotage

Answer 9

This is flying to a destination by hedge, hopping, or sight seeing. You fly simply from one point to another point by using pounds, roads, and other landmarks.

Question 10

Ground position or fix

Answer 10

At any given instant, the point on the surface of the Earth that is directly under the aircraft. It may be obtained by map reading.

Question 11

Dead, reckoning

Answer 11

This is flying a course by reference to a set of calculations alone (navigation log). Based on time, distance, and direction only.

The pilot must know :
-The distance from one point to the next
-The magnetic track to be flown
-Have some idea of the effects of wind

Question 12

Air position
(must know)

Answer 12

An imaginary position. Where the location of the aircraft would be after a period of time, based only on the heading and true airspeed.

Question 13

Three ways to solve a course for winds

Answer 13

Using a wind triangle(trigonometry)
E6B slide rule calculators
Electronic flight computer (such as a CX –2 or CX – 3

Question 14

Air vector

Answer 14

Represents the motion of the aircraft through the air mass. Described by true airspeed and true heading

Question 15

Wind vector

Answer 15

Represents the motion of the air mass over the ground. Described by wind, speed, and wind direction.

Question 16

Ground vector

Answer 16

Represents the motion of the air over the ground. Described by track and ground speed.

The result of adding the air, Victor and the wind vector

Question 17

Equation for 90 KTs ground speed

Answer 17

Distance in nautical miles divided by three and multiplying this result by two will give the time in minutes to fly the distance at 90 kts ground speed

Question 18

What are the three components of a wind triangle?

Answer 18

True track (course) and groundspeed
Wind, direction, and velocity
True, heading and true airspeed