Nausea and Vomiting

Question 1

Vomiting

Answer 1

Forceful expulsion of gastric contents from mouth

–> powerful sustained contraction of abdo muscles, diaphragm descent, opening of gastric cardia

Question 2

Retching

Answer 2

laboured, spasmodic, rhythmic contractions of respiratory muscles
Without gastric content expulsion

Question 3

Cyclic vomiting syndrome

Answer 3

Rapid fire, projectile vomiting

Question 4

Gastroparesis

Answer 4

Chronic disorder
Early satiety after eating
Nausea

Question 5

Vomiting Pathways

Answer 5

Area postrema (chemoreceptor trigger zone)
Vomiting centre

Question 6

Hyoscine

Answer 6

Blocks effect of Ach in brainstem and/or vestibular nuclei

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Question 7

Cyclizine

Answer 7

histamine H1 receptor antagonist

Question 8

Metoclopramide

Answer 8

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist
Anti-emetic
Increased GI motility

Question 9

5HT3 receptor antagonists

Answer 9

Prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis by acting mostly at vagal nerve endings

Question 10

Moderately severe forms of emesis

Answer 10

5HT3 receptor antagonist

Dexomethasone

Question 11

Severe emesis

Answer 11

5HT3 antagonist
NK1 receptor antagonist
Dexomethasone

Question 12

Stimulate GI propulsion

Answer 12

Metoclopramide

Prucalopride

Question 13

Dexomethasone

Answer 13

Steroid