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Anterior Abdominal Wall + Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Rectus abdominis location

A

Anterior

From costal margin to pubic symphysis

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2
Q

3 Muscle layers in Abdo Wall

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis

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3
Q

External Oblique

A

Most superficial layer of Abdo wall

Fibres run anterior-inferior (hands in pockets)

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4
Q

External oblique anterior limit

A

Mid clavicular line

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5
Q

External oblique attachment

A

ASIS on iliac crest

Pubic tubercle

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6
Q

External oblique inferior border

A

Inguinal ligament

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7
Q

What is anterior to the mid-clavicular line

A

Aponeurosis

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8
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Middle layer of Abdo wall

Fibres run in anterior-superior direction (hands on shoulder)

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9
Q

When does internal oblique become aponeurotic

A

At mid-clavicular line

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10
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Deepest/innermost layer of abdo wall

Fibres run in transverse direction across abdomen

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11
Q

When does transversus abdominis become aponeurotic

A

At mid-clavicular line

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12
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Anterior to MD line
Runs from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
Has tendinous intersections

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13
Q

Linea Alba

A

Runs down midline of Rectus Abdominis
Fibrous structure
From xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
Attachment point- aponeuroses

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14
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Aponeurotic sheath
Encloses rectus abdominis
Derived from aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique + transversus abdominis

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15
Q

External oblique as aponeurosis

A

Thins –> becomes aponeurotic
Goes anterior to rectus abdominis
Inserts into linea alba

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16
Q

Internal oblique as aponeurosis

A

Splits

Half in front + half behind rectus abdominis

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17
Q

Transversus abdominis as

A

Goes posterior to rectus abdominis

Inserts into linea alba

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18
Q

Arcuate line + aponeuroses

A

Below arcuate line, all aponeuroses pass ANTERIORLY to rectus abdominis
–> creates a weakness posteriorly

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19
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

Layer of fascia deep to transversus abdominis, posteriorly

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20
Q

Anterior blood supply to abdomen

A

Internal thoracic artery gives off anterior intercostal branches

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21
Q

Internal thoracic artery gives off

A

Anterior intercostal branches

Superior epigastric

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22
Q

Inferior epigastric

A

Comes up from pelvis

Branch of external iliac

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23
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries

A

Branch of thoracic aorta

Run in IC spaces

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24
Q

T7

A

level of xiphoid

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25
T10
level of umbilicus
26
Subcostal nerve
T12 Innervates muscles of abdominal wall Provides sensory innervation to skin around abdominal wall
27
Iliohypogastric + Ilioinguinal nerve
L1 Also act as intercostal nerve Skin more towards inguinal region Part of lumbar plexus
28
Genitofemoral nerve
L1 + L2 2 parts: Genital + Femoral Genital- motor branch, innervates cremaster muscle Femoral- sensory, sensory innervation to inner thigh
29
Cremaster reflex
Test for testicular torsion | Stroking inner thigh activates cremaster
30
External oblique attachments
Descends from ribs superiorly Attaches to ASIS and runs from there to pubic tubercle --> no attachment points between them, so "free" inferior border of external oblique in aponeurotic part
31
Inguinal ligament
Inferior border of external oblique's aponeurosis rolled under itself Femoral vessels + nerve run underneath inguinal ligament
32
2 passageways due to external oblique aponeurosis folding
``` Between pelvis + inguinal ligament Inguinal canal (created by infolding of external oblique)- spermatic cord, round ligament of uterus ```
33
Spermatic cord
Contains structures running to + from testes | Suspends testes within the scrotum
34
Spermatic cord contents
``` Testicular artery Ductus deferens Pampiniform venous plexus (testicular veins) Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Ilioinguinal nerve (runs with cord) ```
35
Spermatic cord layers
Derived from abdo wall layers External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia
36
Deep inguinal ring
As testicular vessels enter the abdominal wall
37
Superficial inguinal ring
Where the spermatic cord emerges from abdominal wall
38
Between 2 inguinal rings
Inguinal canal
39
External oblique aponeurosis is continuous with...
External spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord
40
Internal oblique is continuous with..
It is muscular | So, gives off muscular layer of spermatic cord
41
Transversus abdominis + spermatic cord
Arches over the top of the spermatic cord
42
Development of testes
Develop in abdomen Pulled down into scrotum Pull through layers of abdo wall at approx. 9th month of development
43
Descent of Testes
Testes located between peritoneum + transversalis fascia in abdomen Testes descend towards inguinal canal - drag testicular A, V and vas deferens down
44
Testes location
Retroperitoneal | Wherever they go peritoneum will follow
45
First layer testes descend through
Transversalis fascia | --> will become internal spermatic fascia
46
Second layer testes descends through
``` Internal oblique (muscular at this point) Will get muscular covering --> cremaster muscle ```
47
Cremaster muscle
Regulation of temp | Innervated by genitofemoral nerve (L1+2)
48
Final layer testes goes through
External Oblique | --> gives external spermatic fascia
49
Processus vaginalis
Invagination of peritoneum formed Because peritoneum is dragged down with testes Usually fuses together + fibroses + will degrade
50
Tunica vaginalis
Small sac of peritoneum within scrotal sac allowing free movement of testes
51
Hernia
Protrusion of peritoneum and viscera
52
Inguinal hernia
75% of abdominal hernias
53
Direct Hernia
``` Acquired Males 40+ Passes through abdominal wall (Hasselbach's triangle) Rarely enters scrotum Medial to inferior epigastric vessels ```
54
Indirect Hernia
``` Congenital (Patent processus vaginalis) More common (2/3) Transverses canal within processus vaginalis Commonly enters scrotum Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels ```
55
Direct Hernia location
Herniate medial to Inferior epigastric vessels | --> not as much muscular tissues, lots of fascia and aponeuroses
56
Indirect hernia location
Herniate lateral to inferior epigastric vessels | Go all the way through the inguinal canal
57
Hasselbach's Triangle Borders
Superiorly inferior epigastric vessels Lateral border of rectus abdominis Inferiorly inguinal ligament
58
Femoral Hernia
Herniate underneath inguinal ligament Within femoral canal with the femoral vessels More common in females
59
Umbilical Hernias
Mainly occur in babies | Rectus abdominis hasn't yet joined midline
60
Incisional Hernias
Incision within abdominal wall | Scar tissues is a weakness

Metabolism CC (29 decks)

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