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Metabolism CC > Anterior Abdominal Wall + Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall + Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Rectus abdominis location

A

Anterior

From costal margin to pubic symphysis

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2
Q

3 Muscle layers in Abdo Wall

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis

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3
Q

External Oblique

A

Most superficial layer of Abdo wall

Fibres run anterior-inferior (hands in pockets)

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4
Q

External oblique anterior limit

A

Mid clavicular line

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5
Q

External oblique attachment

A

ASIS on iliac crest

Pubic tubercle

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6
Q

External oblique inferior border

A

Inguinal ligament

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7
Q

What is anterior to the mid-clavicular line

A

Aponeurosis

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8
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Middle layer of Abdo wall

Fibres run in anterior-superior direction (hands on shoulder)

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9
Q

When does internal oblique become aponeurotic

A

At mid-clavicular line

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10
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Deepest/innermost layer of abdo wall

Fibres run in transverse direction across abdomen

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11
Q

When does transversus abdominis become aponeurotic

A

At mid-clavicular line

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12
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Anterior to MD line
Runs from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
Has tendinous intersections

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13
Q

Linea Alba

A

Runs down midline of Rectus Abdominis
Fibrous structure
From xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
Attachment point- aponeuroses

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14
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Aponeurotic sheath
Encloses rectus abdominis
Derived from aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique + transversus abdominis

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15
Q

External oblique as aponeurosis

A

Thins –> becomes aponeurotic
Goes anterior to rectus abdominis
Inserts into linea alba

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16
Q

Internal oblique as aponeurosis

A

Splits

Half in front + half behind rectus abdominis

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17
Q

Transversus abdominis as

A

Goes posterior to rectus abdominis

Inserts into linea alba

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18
Q

Arcuate line + aponeuroses

A

Below arcuate line, all aponeuroses pass ANTERIORLY to rectus abdominis
–> creates a weakness posteriorly

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19
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

Layer of fascia deep to transversus abdominis, posteriorly

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20
Q

Anterior blood supply to abdomen

A

Internal thoracic artery gives off anterior intercostal branches

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21
Q

Internal thoracic artery gives off

A

Anterior intercostal branches

Superior epigastric

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22
Q

Inferior epigastric

A

Comes up from pelvis

Branch of external iliac

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23
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries

A

Branch of thoracic aorta

Run in IC spaces

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24
Q

T7

A

level of xiphoid

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25
Q

T10

A

level of umbilicus

26
Q

Subcostal nerve

A

T12
Innervates muscles of abdominal wall
Provides sensory innervation to skin around abdominal wall

27
Q

Iliohypogastric + Ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1
Also act as intercostal nerve
Skin more towards inguinal region
Part of lumbar plexus

28
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A

L1 + L2
2 parts: Genital + Femoral
Genital- motor branch, innervates cremaster muscle
Femoral- sensory, sensory innervation to inner thigh

29
Q

Cremaster reflex

A

Test for testicular torsion

Stroking inner thigh activates cremaster

30
Q

External oblique attachments

A

Descends from ribs superiorly
Attaches to ASIS and runs from there to pubic tubercle
–> no attachment points between them, so “free” inferior border of external oblique in aponeurotic part

31
Q

Inguinal ligament

A

Inferior border of external oblique’s aponeurosis rolled under itself
Femoral vessels + nerve run underneath inguinal ligament

32
Q

2 passageways due to external oblique aponeurosis folding

A 
Between pelvis + inguinal ligament
Inguinal canal (created by infolding of external oblique)- spermatic cord, round ligament of uterus
33
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Contains structures running to + from testes

Suspends testes within the scrotum

34
Q

Spermatic cord contents

A 
Testicular artery
Ductus deferens
Pampiniform venous plexus (testicular veins)
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve (runs with cord)
35
Q

Spermatic cord layers

A

Derived from abdo wall layers
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Internal spermatic fascia

36
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

As testicular vessels enter the abdominal wall

37
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

Where the spermatic cord emerges from abdominal wall

38
Q

Between 2 inguinal rings

A

Inguinal canal

39
Q

External oblique aponeurosis is continuous with…

A

External spermatic fascia of the spermatic cord

40
Q

Internal oblique is continuous with..

A

It is muscular

So, gives off muscular layer of spermatic cord

41
Q

Transversus abdominis + spermatic cord

A

Arches over the top of the spermatic cord

42
Q

Development of testes

A

Develop in abdomen
Pulled down into scrotum
Pull through layers of abdo wall at approx. 9th month of development

43
Q

Descent of Testes

A

Testes located between peritoneum + transversalis fascia in abdomen
Testes descend towards inguinal canal - drag testicular A, V and vas deferens down

44
Q

Testes location

A

Retroperitoneal

Wherever they go peritoneum will follow

45
Q

First layer testes descend through

A

Transversalis fascia

–> will become internal spermatic fascia

46
Q

Second layer testes descends through

A 
Internal oblique (muscular at this point)
Will get muscular covering --> cremaster muscle
47
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Regulation of temp

Innervated by genitofemoral nerve (L1+2)

48
Q

Final layer testes goes through

A

External Oblique

–> gives external spermatic fascia

49
Q

Processus vaginalis

A

Invagination of peritoneum formed
Because peritoneum is dragged down with testes
Usually fuses together + fibroses + will degrade

50
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Small sac of peritoneum within scrotal sac allowing free movement of testes

51
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of peritoneum and viscera

52
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

75% of abdominal hernias

53
Q

Direct Hernia

A 
Acquired
Males 40+
Passes through abdominal wall (Hasselbach's triangle)
Rarely enters scrotum
Medial to inferior epigastric vessels
54
Q

Indirect Hernia

A 
Congenital (Patent processus vaginalis)
More common (2/3)
Transverses canal within processus vaginalis
Commonly enters scrotum
Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
55
Q

Direct Hernia location

A

Herniate medial to Inferior epigastric vessels

–> not as much muscular tissues, lots of fascia and aponeuroses

56
Q

Indirect hernia location

A

Herniate lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Go all the way through the inguinal canal

57
Q

Hasselbach’s Triangle Borders

A

Superiorly inferior epigastric vessels
Lateral border of rectus abdominis
Inferiorly inguinal ligament

58
Q

Femoral Hernia

A

Herniate underneath inguinal ligament
Within femoral canal with the femoral vessels
More common in females

59
Q

Umbilical Hernias

A

Mainly occur in babies

Rectus abdominis hasn’t yet joined midline

60
Q

Incisional Hernias

A

Incision within abdominal wall

Scar tissues is a weakness

Metabolism CC (29 decks)

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