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Metabolism CC > Kidney histology > Flashcards

Kidney histology Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney components

A 
Renal parenchyma (nephrons)
Passageways for urine calyx- renal pelvis
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2
Q

Hilum of kidney

A

Site of renal pelvis and major vessels

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3
Q

Cortex of kidney

A

Renal corpuscles

Convoluted tubules

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4
Q

Medulla of kidney

A

Medullary pyramids/papillae
Loops of Henle
Collecting ducts
Vasa recta

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5
Q

Urine journey kidney

A

Bowmans capsule –> Proximal convoluted tubule –> Peritubular capillaries –> Thin Descending limb of Henle –> Ascending limb of Henle –> Collecting tubule

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6
Q

Renal artery goes into…

A

Main branch renal artery –> Interlobar artery –> arcuate artery –> interlobular artery –> afferent arteriole –> renal glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> cortical capillary plexus or vasa recta

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7
Q

Nephron

A

Funnel shaped epithelial structure where blood filtrate is processed, ultimately leaving urine
= Bowman’ capsule and renal tubule

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8
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule with its glomerulus (tuft of capillary loops) supported by mesangial cells and their ECM- mesangium

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9
Q

Vascular pole

A

Site of afferent + efferent arterioles

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10
Q

Urinary pole

A

Opposite where proximal convoluted tubule begins

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11
Q

Renal corpuscle function

A

ultra-filtration of blood

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12
Q

Bowmans capsule parietal wall

A

Single cell layer

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13
Q

Bowmans capsule visceral wall

A

Podocytes

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14
Q

Glomerular capillaries

A

Fenestrated endothelium

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15
Q

Macula densa cells

A

Surround distal tubule

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16
Q

Glomerular filtration barrier

A

Fenestrated capillary endothelium
Basement membrane
Podocyte layer of Bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule function

A 
Reabsorption
70-80% water, Na+ and Cl-
100% AAs and glucose
Some bicarbonate reabsorbed/H+ secreted
Larger proteins, carbohydrates- endocytosis
18
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule aided by

A

Na+/K+ ATPase in basolateral membranes

19
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule Appearance

A

Microvillus brush border
Endocytotic vesicles + lysosomes
Basal and lateral interdigitations- ion transport machinery

20
Q

Loop of Henle function

A

Creates and maintains high ionic concentration of medulla

21
Q

Thin loop of Henle

A

Simple squamous epithelium
Descending- permeable to urea and water, less permeable to NaCl
Urine gains urea + loses water–> removed by vasa recta, countercurrent exchanger

22
Q

Thick ascending limb

A

Simple cuboidal
Actively transports Na+ (with Cl-) out of tubule without water
Impermeable to water
–> hypotonic urine + hypertonic concentration gradient of NaCl in medulla

23
Q

Distal convoluted tubule functions

A

Water balance- reabsorb water in presence of ADH

Electrolyte + acid base balance- Na+ reabsorption coupled to K+ or H+ secretion under control of aldosterone

24
Q

Distal convoluted tubule appearance

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Few microvilli or endocytotic vesicles
Basal + lateral interdigitations reflecting ion transport requirements

25
Q

Macula densa

A

Specialised region at vascular pole of nephron
Dense cell packing
Part of juxtaglomerular apparatus
Surrounds distal convoluted tubule

26
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus Function

A

Regulates BP + vol

Juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa, mesangial or lacis cells

27
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells

A

Afferent arteriole

Sense decreases in BP + secrete renin

28
Q

Macula densa

A

Sense decreases Na+ content of distal tubule

29
Q

Extraglomerular mesangial or lacis cells

A

Support/info transfer

30
Q

Angiotensin II effect

A

Increases sympathetic activity
Tubular Na+ Cl- reabsorption and K+ excretion
H20 retention
Arterial vasoconstriction –> increase in BP
Causes ADH secretion - H20 absorption in collecting duct

31
Q

Collecting duct function

A

Similar to distal convoluted tubule
Final concentration of urine- ADH sensitive
Electrolyte + acid base balance (aldosterone sensitive)
Urea diffusion helps maintain high solute concentration in medulla

32
Q

Collecting duct appearance

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

Distinct lateral membranes (few interdigitations)

33
Q

Urinary passageways structure

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

34
Q

Urinary passageways mucosa

A

Transitional epithelium
–> plaques = membrane folds, allows distension
Tight junctions/thick impervious cell membrane- barrier to urine
Lamina propria but no muscularis mucosae

35
Q

Urinary passageways Submucosa

A

Merges with lamina propria

36
Q

Urinary passageways muscularis

A 
2-3 layers smooth muscle
1st innermost 'longitudinal' (loose spiral)
2nd circular (tight spiral)
3rd longitudinal (loose spiral) begins at lower ureter
37
Q

Urinary passageways Adventitia

A

Outer layer of loose connective tissue carrying larger blood vessels and nerves

38
Q

Bladder

A

Distensible reservoir

Muscular pump

39
Q

Ureters entering bladder

A

At acute angle in posterolateral wall

Filling closes the lumen –> prevents backflow

40
Q

Bladder internal sphincter

A

Formed by middle circular smooth muscle layer at ‘neck’ at beginning of urethra

41
Q

Micturition control

A

PNS

Metabolism CC (29 decks)

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