Diet + CHD Flashcards
Atherosclerosis
A focal chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries, which is induced by lipid products and characterised by intimal thickening and lipid deposition
Major risk factors Atherosclerosis
Hyperlipoproteinaemia
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis RF
Obesity Diet Physical inactivity Alcohol Psychosocial
Non-modifiable Atherosclerosis RFs
Increasing age
Male
Fam history
Diabetes risk with obesity in women
x 90 risk with BMI >35
The metabolic syndrome
Includes an increased risk of CVD
Consists of insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension
–> factors cluster together more frequently together than expected
Hypertriglyceridaemia
Fatty acid transporter CD36 transports excess FAs from blood lipids
Block signal from insulin receptor
(insulin receptor usually activates GLUT 4)
–> no glucose uptake in muscle cell
–> insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes
Arachidonic acid
Omega-6 FA
Incorporated into membrane phospholipids
Oxidative metabolism of Omega 6 FA
On inflammation, arachidonic acid is released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 enzyme, and initially potent inflammatory mediators, are synthesised from it
Oxidative metabolism of Omega 3 FAs
Metabolised to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids
Omega 3 FAs
Relatively anti-inflammatory + anti-atherogenic
Trans fatty acids
More stable due to trans configuration
Dietary cholesterol
Little importance in regulating serum cholesterol or risk of CVD
Flavonoids
Pigmented polyphenol plan compounds
Involved in photosynthesis + protection from UV light
Fruit, veg, tea, choc, wine, olive oil
Beneficial effects on MI + stroke
Inhibit multiple enzu=ymes- e.g. NADPH oxidase that generates damaging reactive O2 intermediates
Quercetin, Epicatechin
Nitrates
Nitric oxide protection
