Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Metabolism CC > Kidneys + Ureter system > Flashcards

Kidneys + Ureter system Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney location

A

Paravertebral gutters

Only palpable if enlarged or v low body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Renal angle

A

Junction of 12th rib and lateral border of erector spinae –> examine for tenderness here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anterior to kidneys- RIGHT

A 
Liver
Duodenum/small intestine
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior to kidneys- LEFT

A 
Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas (body or tail)
Left colic (splenic) flexure
Small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pouch of Morisson

A

Hepatorenal recess
Where u have haemoperitoneum/ascites/pancreatitis
Fluid accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Posterior relations to kidney

A 
Diaphragm- 11th + 12th rib, costodiaphragmatic recess
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum m.
Transversus abdominis m.
T12- subcostal n
L1- iliohypogastric n, ilioinguinal n
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pararenal fat

A

Adipose tissue superficial to renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perirenal fat

A

Fat between renal capsule and renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Renal Fascia

A

Gerota’s fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is kidney surrounded by

A

Renal capsule

Fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal artery in relation to renal vein

A

Renal artery behind renal vein when going into kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ureter into kidney journey

A

Ureter –> Renal pelvis –> Major calyx –> Minor calyx –> renal papilla –> medullary pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What surrounds the medullary pyramid

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Renal arteries

A

1/4 CO (1200ml/min)
Arise at L1/L2
Right renal artery passes posterior to IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Renal veins

A

Arise at L2, vertebral level
Left renal vein longer due to IVC position (on RHS of aorta)
Longer left- receives suprarenal and gonadal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does right renal vein drain into

A

Straight into IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Left renal vein

A

Receives left suprarenal + gonadal as longer

Then drains into IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Renal artery

A 
Divides at hilum
4/5 segmental arteries
Supply discrete "renal segments"
Gives off inferior suprarenal artery 
Gives off ureteric branch of renal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Renal segment arteries

A

Superior segmental artery
Anterior superior segmental artery
Anterior inferior segmental artery
Inferior segmental artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Lobar arteries

A

1 per pyramid

  • -> arcuate
  • -> cortical radiate
  • -> afferent arterioles
  • -> glomeruli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Interlobar arteries

A

Run up the sides of pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Blood route

A

Renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar –> arcuate –> cortical radiating arteries –> afferent arterioles–> glomeruli –> efferent arterioles –> join up with venous supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T10 + T11 nerve

A

Become Lesser splanchnic

Course towards coeliac ganglion + anterior renal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T12 nerve

A

Gives least splanchnic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

L1 + L2 nerve

A

Form lumbar splanchnic nerve

26
Q

Pre-aortic ganglion

A

Sympathetic

27
Q

Renal plexus

A

Mix of sympathetic and parasympathetic

28
Q

Visceral afferent fibres

A

Travel through renal plexus

Enter T10-12

29
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Suprarenal kidney –> lumbar lymph nodes
Most of kidney + ureter –> lumbar lymph nodes
Inferior ureter –> common iliac nodes

30
Q

Ureters

A

Retroperitoneal

Smooth muscle muscular tubes

31
Q

Ureters passage

A

Pass over pelvic brim at bifurcation of common iliac arteries
Run on lateral walls of pelvis
Opposite ischial spine, curve anteromedially

32
Q

Ureters entrance into bladder

A

Oblique entrance
One way flap valve
Posterosuperior angles of bladder

33
Q

Ureters muscle

A

Tri-layered wall

34
Q

Ureter internal layer

A

Transitional epithelial mucosa

35
Q

Ureter middle layer

A

Smooth muscle muscularis

36
Q

Ureter outer layer

A

Fibrous connective tissue adventitia

37
Q

Ureter MOA

A

Actively propel urine to bladder via response to smooth muscle stretch

38
Q

Kidney pain

A

Can be referred

39
Q

Pain in groin

A

Ureter

40
Q

Ureters nerve supply

A

Visceral afferents enter at T11-L1/2

41
Q

Ureters loin pain

A

Referred along ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (L1)

42
Q

Ureter pain as stone descends

A

Pain descend over groin and scrotum/labium majora
FROM LOIN TO GROIN
–> changing nerve segments
–> pain now referred through genitofemoral (L1,2)

43
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Retroperitoneal on pelvic floor

Posterior to pubic symphysis

44
Q

Bladder in children

A

Slightly higher

45
Q

Bladder in distension

A

Extend up into abdominal cavity

More at night

46
Q

Urine accumulation

A

Bladder expands

No significant rise in internal pressure

47
Q

Bladder wall layers

A

Transitional epithelial mucosa
Thick muscular layer- Detrusor
Fibrous adventitia

48
Q

Trigone

A

Triangular area outlined by openings for ureters and urethra

–> infection

49
Q

Internal urethral sphincter (males)

A

Involuntary sphincter at bladder-urethra junction

–> prevents retrograde ejaculation

50
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

Voluntary sphincter surrounding urethra as it passes through urogenital diaphragm

51
Q

Levator ani muscle

A

Voluntary urethral sphincter

52
Q

Female urethra

A

Tightly bound to anterior vaginal wall

External opening lies anterior to vaginal opening and posterior to clitoris

53
Q

Male urethra

A

Double curvature

4 sections - intramural, prostatic, intermediate and spongy

54
Q 
Intramural urethra (pre-prostatic)
MALES
A

Length varies on bladder filling

55
Q

Prostatic urethra

MALES

A

Contains ejaculatory ducts

56
Q

Intermediate (membranous) urethra

MALES

A

Penetrates perineal membrane

Surrounded by external urethral sphincter

57
Q

Spongy urethra

MALES

A

Final part in corpus spongiosum of penis

58
Q

Distension of bladder initiates…

A

Spinal (visceral afferents)

59
Q

Micturition- Sympathetic

A 
Hypogastric nerve T12-L2
Stimulate contraction (closure) of internal urethral sphincter
Inhibit detrusor muscle (doesn't contract + stops bladder emptying)
60
Q

Micturition- Parasympathetic

A

S2-S4
Stimulate detrusor muscle to contract
Opens internal urethral sphincter

61
Q

Micturition- Somatic

A

External urethral sphincter

Pudendal - S2-4

Metabolism CC (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions