nature of craniofacial growth

Question 1

size and shape

Answer 1

1) between 2-6 years
- children grow 3 inches and 4.5 lbs per year
2) 46 lbs at age 6 and measures 46 inches
3) need fewer calories during preschool

Question 2

growth variations related to

Answer 2

1) normal variations
2) hereditary
3) changes in proportions among tissue systems
4) birth weight
5) nutrition
6 )ethnicity
7) environment
8) etc.

Question 3

changes in body proportions

Answer 3

1) reflect cephalocaudal gradient
- closer to brain = grow faster sooner and slower later

Question 4

brain growth and development

Answer 4

1) brain is fastest at developing than other parts in childhood
2) rapid cognitive and motor ability
3) 5 years 90% size
4) 7 years full size
5) several areas of the brain undergo notable expansion: thinking and coordination, emotion
6) age 5: growth in corpus callosum allow coordinated functions

Question 6

change in facial propertions

Answer 6

1) neural and general body growth interaction
2) maxilla influenced by cranial base
2) mandible close to general body growth

Question 7

genetics

Answer 7

1) heredity has strong influence on growth

Question 8

gender

Answer 8

1) sex differences are more obvious in adolescence and adult
2) in preschools, boys are little larger
- but similar up to puberty

Question 9

low birth weight

Answer 9

1) premature birth
2) immaturity of organs
- esp respiratory
3) most do catch up in growth

Question 10

chronic illness

Answer 10

1) congenital heart disease, endocrine dysfunction can lead to growth retardation (height and weight)

Question 11

short term illness

Answer 11

1) fluctuations in growth rates, little long term impact
2) ex. pneumonia, diarrhea

Question 12

psychological and emotion

Answer 12

1) can affect growth

Question 13

nutrition

Answer 13

1) inadequate, the growth is depressed
2) if adequate, extra calories does no lead to increase in growth

Question 14

ethnic culture

Answer 14

1) influence on growth

Question 15

urban and rural

Answer 15

some differences between

Question 16

socioeconomic

Answer 16

1) size and number of children are more significant in developing countries

Question 17

dental ages does not

Answer 17

track well with other developmental ages

Question 18

methohds of aging an individual

Answer 18

1) chronological
2) dental
3) skeletal

Question 19

chronological

Answer 19

1) years since birht

Question 20

dental age

Answer 20

1) three characteristics
- erupted teeth
- resorption of primary roots
- development of permanentss

Question 21

skeletal age

Answer 21

1) maturation of skeleton
2) SMI on hand wrist radiograph

Question 22

developmental vs chronological

Answer 22

1) strong correlation between the two
2) coefficient about 0.8
64% predictability

Question 23

dental vs chronological

Answer 23

1) least correlation
2) coefficient 0.7
- 48% predictability

Question 24

orthodontic use

Answer 24

1) use both chronological and dental age
2) skeletal age can be used for growth potential remaining
- determine via hand wrist (best) radiograph cervical vertebrae on ceph

Question 25

Wilhelm roentgen

Answer 25

1) discovered xrays in 1895

Question 26

xray facts

Answer 26

1) nobel prize in physics
2) major medical breakthrough
- but many doctors got cancer from exposure
3) some shoe store used xrays for feet

Question 27

hand wrist and cervical radiographs

Answer 27

1) standard: hand wrist films is best
2) but not usually avail in dental offices

Question 28

why still use films

Answer 28

1) chronological age is not good predictor of skeletal growth or velocity
2) treatment modalities benefit from growth and development

Question 29

cervical vertebral maturation

Answer 29

1) we have available
2) can help on TP