adolescence Flashcards
adolescent
1) mediated by sex hormones
2) hypothalamic area of brain and pituitary
transitional period
between juvenile and adulthood
1) secondary sex characteristic
2) mature growth spurt
3) fertility
4) psychological changes
*maturation of sex organs and sex hormones
observations
1) rapid growth
2) interaction of many factors
3) off timing of systems
4) transitions occur sequentially but not necessarily at the same time
face
1) acceleration in facial growth rate
2) differentiation of the jaw
rapid gains in height and weight
1) 4.1-3.5 inches per year
2) girls mature 2 years earlier
3) fat for girls. muscle for boys
- weight gain
secondary sex characteristics
1) pubic hair
2) menarche or penis growth
3 )voice changes
4) facial hair
5) oil, sweat glands, acne
STD
1) 1/5 adults have std from 21 and up, have it
2) teen pregnancy has gone done over last 8 years
3) 86% of teens are not having sex
4) but diagnosis of std in teens has gone up
1/4 sexually active teens have it
brain development
1) not completely developed until late adolescence
2) emotional, physical, mental, abilities incomplete
3) why some seen inconsistent in controlling emotions, impulses, and judgment
adolescent brain
1) brain imagining
2) evidence for frontal lobe delays inability to delay gratification and impulse control
3) synaptic reorganization in puberty
- sensitive to experiential input in realm of executive and social cognition
dentition
1) exchange of dentition from mixed to permanent
2) we needs to assess stages of development
3) solve developing dentofacial disharmonies
sex organs
1) very little growth of genital tissue up until puberty
- explosive rapid growth
lymphoid
1) shrinking in size
neural growth
unaffected by sexual maturation
general body growth
1) not all reacting the same
2) acceleration of the mandible
3) not much acceleration of the arms and legs
4) later acceleration of the maxilla (differential jaw growth)
three hormones
1) hypothalamic releasing factors
2) pituitary gonadotropins
3) sex hormones
hypothalamic releasing factors
1) first hormones produced in brain in hypothalamus and they target AP gland
pituitary gonadotropins
1) second type of hormones produced by the pituitary gland due to influence of hypothalamus
2) target the testis and ovary, some effect on adrenal cortex
sex hormones
1) produced by ovary, testis, and adrenal cortex
2) varied effects
3) chemically all steroids
first events of puberty occur in the brain
1) cells in hypothalamus begin to secrete substances called releasing factors
substances secreted by the nerve cells pass into
capillaries and are carried by blood flow to pituitary
at the pitiutary gland
1 )releasing factors stimulate pituitary cells to make hormones called pituitary gonadotropins
2) stimulate endocrine cells in developing sex organs to produce sex hormones
- target testis and ovary with some effect on adrenal cortex
in the male
1 testis makes testosterone, but other cells make female sex hormones
2) each person has a mix of both male and female sex hormones
iin the female
1) estrogens by ovaries and later progesterone
2) male sex hormones made in adrenal cortex
sex hormones from testis and ovary and adrenal cortex are
1 )release to blood stream in quantities that cause accelerated growth of genitals and secondary sex characters
2) also shrink lymphoid and increase general body growth
