development of the dentition

Question 1

growth

Answer 1

1) increase in number and size of cells
- increase body size and weight -

Question 2

development

Answer 2

1) qualitative (functional abilities)
- advancement of skills needed to function

Question 3

maturity

Answer 3

1) increase in complexity and ability
2) function at higher level

Question 4

differentiation

Answer 4

1) early cells and structures modified to achieve a specific function

Question 5

basic concepts

Answer 5

1) all components are interrelated
2) healthy individuals go through same growth stages
3) diff parts of body grow at diff times and rates
4) grow potential is primarily related to genetics
5) attaining growth potential due to environment
6) motor development is cephalocaudal, and progresses proximodistal

Question 6

growth assessment indices

Answer 6

1) chronologic age
2) biologic age
- developmental (speech and language)
- skeletal age (hand wrist and cephs)
- dental age

Question 7

skeletal age

Answer 7

1) hand wrist radiographs
- compare to atlas standards
2) begin with distal ends of radius and ulna => carpals => metacarpals => phalanges

Question 8

lateral cephs

Answer 8

1) size and shape of C2-C4
2) good correlation with puberty
3) difficult to quantify growth
4) direction and proportion of growth 5)

Question 9

dental age

Answer 9

1) teeth erupted
2) primary root resorption
3) permanent tooth development
4) compare it to a known chronological age

Question 10

common growth parameters

Answer 10

1) height
- length or stature
- decreasing rate of growth over time except for pubertal spurt
2) growth proportions
- extremities and trunk grow faster first
- eventually become equal

Question 11

body weight

Answer 11

1) newborns weight about 7.5 lbs
- initial drop followed by rapid growth
2) head circumference
- massive increase in first year but drops with age

Question 12

rate of growth

Answer 12

1) infancy
- rapid but declining
2) childhood
- stable, slight decline
3) adolescence
- pubertal growth spurt
4 )adult
- declining to completion

Question 13

which period has the higher rate of growth

Answer 13

1) infancy

Question 14

neural

Answer 14

1) brain, spinal cord, optic, and auditory systems
2) 95% adult size at age 7-8
3) rapid early neural brain growth due to fontanelles

Question 15

lymphoid

Answer 15

1) thymus, adenoids, tonsils, lymphoid tissue,
2) indicator of immune health
3) spikes at 200% of adult size at age 10
4) cervical lymph nodes may be palpable, but should not be tender in a 10 year old

Question 16

general

Answer 16

1) skeleton, muscular

Question 17

genital

Answer 17

1) primary and secondary sex characteristics
2) rapid development at puberty
3) if too early, may be a cause for concern

Question 18

which systemic growth curve matures the slowest

Answer 18

?

Question 19

maxillary and mandibular

Answer 19

1) lagging development of mandible
2) causes convex facial profile associated with pediatric face

Question 20

sequence of calcification

Answer 20

1) 14 weeks in utero - 19 weeks
2) central incisors => first molars => lateral incisors =>canines => second molars
3) formation of dentition 6 wks

Question 21

anomalies in newborn

Answer 21

1) inclusion cysts
- episteins pearlys
- brohns nodules
- dental lamina cyst
* early colonization of cariogenic bacteria
2) natal and neonatal teeth
- predeciduous teeth
- primary teeth erupt prematurely
3) eruption hematoma

Question 22

inclusion cysts

Answer 22

1) bohnls nodules
- B and L aspects of dental ridges
- remnants of mucous gland
2) epsteins pearl
- mid palatine raphe
- remnants of dental epithelium

Question 23

sequence of eruption

Answer 23

1) lateral incisors erupt before first molars
- but first molars calcify first
6 mo-24 mo
—
1) 6 wees in utero - primary teeth begin to form
2) 3-4 months - calcification
—
3) 1st - primary teeth enamel complete
4) 2nd year - primary teeth erupted
5 )3rd year - roots of primary teeth complete

Question 24

primary significance of

Answer 24

1) evaluation of dental development
2) clues to developmental discrepancy (pre and post natal injury)

Question 25

natal teeth

Answer 25

1) present at birth

Question 26

neonatal teeth

Answer 26

1) within 30 days after birth

Question 27

predeciduous teeth

Answer 27

1) supernumerary or not normal
2) extracted for aspiration risk
3) 1/4000

Question 28

primary but erupted prematurely

Answer 28

1) should not be extracted unless mobile
2) 1/2000

Question 29

eruption hematoma

Answer 29

1) bluish, opaque
2) bleeding into follicular sac
3) as the tooth erupts, it resolves

Question 30

anatomy of primary teeth

Answer 30

1) generalized spacing is common
2) lack of spacing may lead to crowding in permanent dentition
3) primate space
- distal of lower canine and medial of upper canine

Question 31

evaluate primary dentition

Answer 31

1) overjet and overbite
2) overbite is vertical overlap of the teeth
3) overjet is the horizontal distance
4) open bite is not normal occlusion

Question 32

primary molar relationship

Answer 32

1) flush
- end to end
2) mesial step
- class I
3) distal step
- class II
4) exaggerated mesial step
- class III

Question 33

primary canine relationship

Answer 33

1) class I
- cusp tip of max canine is same vertical plane as mandibular
2) class II
- mand canine distal to class II
3) class III
- mand canine mesial to class II

Question 34

exfoliation of primary teeth

Answer 34

1) eruptive pressure of the permanent tooth
2) stimulation of osteoclasts, resorption of dentine, cementum and adjacent bone
3) apex and its surroundings
4) can be hastened by abscess or trauma
5) can be delayed by ankylosis

Question 35

transition from primary to permanent

Answer 35

1) around age 6
2) mandibular permanent central incisor first
3) girls before boys
4) eruption follows exfoliation by 6 mo
5) enamel complete about 3 years before erupting
6 )root formation completion causes eruption
7) root formation complete 3-4 years after eruption
8) perm first molars are mesially inclined and can cause closure of spaces
9) attrition of primary dentition is common

Question 36

early mixed dentition

Answer 36

1) 6-9 years
2) mandibular and maxillary 1st molars
3) mandibular and maxillary permanent central incisors and laterals

Question 37

incisor transition

Answer 37

1) interdental spacing of primary teeth
2) intercanine arch width growth
3) intercanine arch length increase due to anterior placement of permanent incisors
4) parents are quite concerned about this gap

Question 38

late mixed dentition

Answer 38

1) 9-12 years
2) upper and lower canines
3) premolars
4) second permanent molars
5) if primary dentition is lost prematurely, can lose space (cause crowding usually in last teeth to erupt)
- ex. max canines
- ex man 2nd premolar

Question 39

leeway space

Answer 39

1) tooth size differential between the primary canines and molars and their permanent successors
- premolars are smaller than primary molars
- so its about 0.9 mm and 1.7 mm of leeway

Question 40

eruption sequence

Answer 40

know it