National Airspace System (Block 4) Flashcards
Types of NOTAMS (5)
- NOTAM
- FDC NOTAM (Flight Data Center)
- Pointer NOTAM
- SAA NOTAM (Special Activity Airspace)
- Military NOTAM
Where does Class A airspace begin?
What are operational requirements to enter airspace?
What is it's Structure?
-where does it exist
-where does it begin
-where does it end
What are weather minimums?
Exists for operation of Instrument Traffic Only •Must be IFR Rated, IFR equipped, and on an IFR flight plan •Structure oExists above the 48 contiguous states oBegins at 18,000 MSL (FL180) oEnds at FL(Flight Level)600 •VFR Weather Minimums •None
What are the standard dimensions for class C airspace?
What is it’s structure?
How big is a standard Core?
How big is the standard Shelf Area
What is the outer area?
Is the outer area a defined airspace?
What equipment requirements are there to enter class C airspace?
Established at airports that have an operating control tower, radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR or Commercial operations
Structure
•Core Area – Extends 5 NM horizontally from the primary airport from the surface up to 4,000’ AGL
•Shelf Area – Extends 10 NM from the primary airport approximately 1,200’ AGL up to 4,000’ AGL
•Outer Area – Area where radar services will continue to be provided
•The outer area is a service area associated with the airspace, it is not defined nor a type of airspace
Must establish two-way radio communications with ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to entering airspace and thereafter maintain those communications while within the airspace.
CLASS (D) DELTA AIRSPACE
Pilot Requirements?
Equipment Requirements to enter?
Do you need to establish communication with ATC?
Weather minimums?
What are the standard dimensions for class D airspace?
VFR Weather Minimums?
Pilot Requirements
•None
Equipment Requirements
•Two-way radio communication must be established with ATC prior to entering Class D
oEstablishing two-way radio, ATC must respond to you using your call-sign.
VFR Weather Minimums •Visibility: 3 SM •Cloud Clearance -500’ below -1000’ above -2000’ horizontal
What class airspaces are considered “uncontrolled”
Class G
What’s the difference between prohibited and restricted area?
Prohibited airspace are prohibited for safety and security concerns whereas restricted areas are hazardous or unsafe for any non-participating aircraft.
Controlled airspace consists of what classes?
A-E
Special Use Airspace usually consist of: (6)
- Prohibited Areas
- Restricted Areas
- Warning Areas
- Military Operation Areas (MOA)
- Alert Areas
- Controlled Firing Areas
What activity would you expect to find on a Military Training Route?
Tactical flying below 10,000 ft. with speeds in excess of 250 knots.
Other Airspace Areas (7)
- Local Airport Advisory (LAA)
- Military Training Route (MTR)
- Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR)
- Parachute jump aircraft operations
- Published VFR Routes
- Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
- National Security Area (NSA)
The type of airspace that exists depends on: (4)
- Complexity or density of aircraft movement
- Nature of the operations conducted within the airspace
- Level of safety required
- National or public interest
CLASS (B) BRAVO AIRSPACE:
Where are Bravo Airspaces established? What are standard dimensions for class B Airspace? MODE C VEIL is what? Do you need clearance to enter? What are pilot requirements? What are equipment requirements? VFR Weather Minimums?
Established at the Nation’s Busiest Airports
•Structure
-Resembles and upside-down wedding cake
-Begins at the surface and typically extends to 10,000 MSL
•Mode C Veil – area extending 30 nm from the primary airport of Class B airspace. A Mode C (altitude reporting) Transponder is required in this area.
•You MUST have a specific clearance to enter Class B airspace
Pilot Requirements:
•Must hold at least a Private Pilot certificate or possess a proper endorsement
•Some areas of Class B do not allow student pilots
•AIM 3-2-3
Equipment Requirements
•Two Way Radio
•Mode C Transponder
VFR Weather Minimums
•Visibility: 3 SM
•Cloud Clearance: Clear of Clouds
Class (E) ECHO Airspace?
Where is it established? Who is required to contact ATC in a Class E Airspace? What are the standard dimensions for Class E? Pilot Requirements? Equipment Requirements? VFR Weather Minimums? -Above 10,000 MSL? -Below 10,000 MSL?
Generally, if the airspace is controlled and is not Class B, C, or D…it is Class E airspace
Established where control of aircraft must be exercised by ATC.
•The aircraft that need to be controlled are IFR flights. There is no requirement for VFR aircraft to contact ATC in Class E airspace.
Structure
•Vertically the airspace extends up to, but not including, 18,000 MSL
•The base of Class E will vary depending on the service required.
-Most Class E airspace begins at 1,200’ AGL
Pilot Requirements
•None
Equipment Requirements
•None
VFR Weather Minimums •Below 10,000’ MSL oVisibility: 3 SM oCloud Clearance •500’ below •1000’ above •2000’ horizontal
•Above 10,000’ MSL oVisibility: 5 SM oCloud Clearance •1000’ below •1000’ above •1 SM horizontal
Federal (Victor) Airways (4)
- Highways in the sky
- Always within Class E Airspace
- Begins at 1,200’ AGL (unless denoted)
- Extends 4 NM to either side of the airway
Class G Airspace:
What are standard dimensions? Where is it most commonly found? Pilot Requirements? Equipment Requirements? VFR Weather Minimums? -Day? -Night?
Airspace not designated as any other type of airspace
Structure:
•Exists from the surface to 14,500’ MSL unless designated otherwise
•Most commonly found from the surface to 1,200’ AGL (abutting Class E)
Pilot Requirements
•None
Equipment Requirements
•None
VFR Weather Minimums •1,200’ AGL or less (regardless of MSL altitude) oDay •Visibility: 1 SM •Cloud Clearance: Clear of Clouds oNight •Visibility: 3 SM •Cloud Clearance: 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ horizontal
Speed Restrictions
Below 10,000 MSL?
Below 2500 AGL within 4NM of primary airport in C or D airspace?
Below cClass B Airspace?
Below 10,000’ MSL
•250 knots
Below 2,500’ AGL within 4 NM of primary airport in C or D airspace
•200 knots
Below Class B airspace
•200 knots
If the minimum safe airspeed for any particular operation is greater than the maximum speed prescribed, the aircraft may be operated at that minimum speed
Why are Special Use Airspaces used?
Special Use Airspace is established where activities conducted within that airspace must be confined due to their nature.
Prohibited Areas
Why are they established?
Can you get clearance via ATC?
Where do you find Active Times and Altitudes?
Areas where the flight of aircraft is prohibited
Established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare.
Controlling Agency (ATC) cannot clear an aircraft through a Prohibited Area
Active Times and Altitudes are published on the VFR Sectional Chart
Restricted Area
Why is it restricted?
Can you get clearance via ATC?
Where do you find Active Times and Altitudes?
Area where flight of aircraft is subject to restrictions
Denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft
Controlling Agency (ATC) can clear an aircraft through an active Restricted Area
Area, Altitude, Active Times, and Controlling Agencies vary from area to area Published on VFR Sectional Charts
Warning Area
What is the purpose?
Where does it exist?
Purpose is to denote the presence of hazardous activity to non-participating aircraft in international airspace
Exist from 3 NM outward from the U.S. coast
Military Operations Area (MOA)
Why is it established?
Where is information located?
Where can I find the most current information?
Who can provide traffic advisories for MOA?
Established for the purpose of separating military training activities from air traffic.
VFR pilots should exercise extreme caution when in and near the vicinity of MOA’s
Information is published on the VFR Sectional Charts
For the most current information, contact AFSS within 100 NM of area
Prior to entering an MOA, pilots should contact the Controlling Agency (ATC) for traffic advisories
Alert Areas
Established to inform non-participating aircraft of high density student training or unusual type of aerial activity
Controlled Firing Area
Hazardous activities
Activities will be suspended when an aircraft approaches the area.
Not Charted!!!!
Airport Advisory Area
LAA?
RAA?
RAIS?
Local Airport Advisory (LAA): Service available within 10 miles of an airport with a Flight Service Station on the field where a control tower is not operating
Remote Airport Advisory (RAA): Service available within 10 miles of specified high activity GA airports. FSS will “blind announce” weather changes
Remote Airport Information Service (RAIS): Support of short term special events
Military Training Routes (MTA)
What is an MTA?
Where and why do they exist?
What are the classifications and where are they located?
Use by military for low altitude, high speed training operations
Generally established below 10,000’ MSL for operations in excess of 250 knots
Classification:
•VR – Visual Flight Rules Route – 1,500’ AGL and lower
•IR – Instrument Flight Rules Route – 1,500’ AGL and higher
Temporary Flight Restrictions (6)
- FDC NOTAM
- Protect from imminent hazard
- Safe environment for disaster relief
- Prevent unsafe congestion or sightseeing above an incident or event
- Protection of the President, Vice President, or other public figure
- Space agency operations
Parachute Jump Areas
Where can I find them?
Where are they published?
Depicted on the sectional charts
Published in the AFD
Published VFR Routes
What are they used for?
VFR Flyway?
VFR Corridor?
Calls B VFR Transition Routes?
Used to transition through or around complex airspace
- VFR Flyway: General flight path to be used to fly into, out of, through, or near complex terminal airspace. An ATC clearance is NOT required
- VFR Corridor: Airspace through a Class B area with defined vertical and lateral boundaries. An ATC clearance is NOT required
- Class B Airspace VFR Transition Routes: Depicted routes through a Class B area that requires an ATC Clearance
Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
What is it?
Are they a regulatory space?
Is it mandatory to participate?
Where can you find TRSA’s depicted?
Area within which radar service is provided
TRSA’s are not a type of regulatory airspace, they are service areas
Not mandatory to participate in the service, however highly recommended
TRSA’s are depicted on Sectional Charts. The primary airport served by a TRSA in Class D with surrounding Class E
National Security Areas (NSA)
Established at locations where increased security and safety of ground facilities is required
Pilots are requested to avoid flight through NSA’s
“Progressive Taxi”
Need progressive taxi instruction, when things are too complicated or unsure.
