UNIT 6 - CH 17

Question 1

Blockbusting

Answer 1

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

Question 2

Brownfields

Answer 2

Contaminated industrial or commercial sites that may require environmental cleanup before they can be redeveloped or expanded

Question 3

De facto segregation

Answer 3

Racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement

Question 4

Ecological footprint

Answer 4

The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

Question 5

Eminent domain

Answer 5

Power of a government to take private property for public use

Question 6

Environmental injustice (racism)

Answer 6

Used to describe how communities of color and the poor are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water

Question 7

Favelas

Answer 7

Large slums around Brazilian cities

Question 8

Filtering

Answer 8

Process of subdivision of houses and occupancy by successive waves of lower-income people

Question 9

Gentrification

Answer 9

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area

Question 10

Greenbelt

Answer 10

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area

Question 11

Inclusionary zoning

Answer 11

Zoning regulations that create incentives or requirements for affordable housing development

Question 12

Land tenure

Answer 12

How property rights to land are allocated within societies, including how permissions are granted to access, use, control, and transfer land

Question 13

Mixed land use development

Answer 13

Cities that blend a use of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial uses

Question 14

Mixed-use zoning

Answer 14

Zoning that permits the use of real estate for more than one purpose; such as a building that has residential units, office, and retail space. Mixed use can be horizontal (multiple uses in an area or on one block/site) and/or vertical (multiple uses in one building)

Question 15

New urbanism

Answer 15

A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities. New urbanism is a reaction to the sprawling, automobile centered cities of the mid twentieth cities. Public transportation - buses, trains, subways, and other forms of transportation that charge set fares, run on fixed routes, and are available to the public

Question 16

Redlining

Answer 16

A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, reclining is officially legal

Question 17

Regional planning

Answer 17

City planning done on broader geographic scales, generally involving multiple municipal governments

Question 18

Smart-growth policies

Answer 18

Aim is to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible.

Question 19

Suburban sprawl

Answer 19

Unplanned development by many different entities, often as part of urban outgrowth

Question 20

Transportation-orientated development

Answer 20

The creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-orientated, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station

Question 21

Urban growth boundary

Answer 21

Geographical boundaries places around a city to limit suburban growth within that city

Question 22

Urban planning

Answer 22

Determining and drawing up plans for the future physical arrangement and condition of a community

Question 23

Urban renewal

Answer 23

Program in which cities identify blighted inner-city neighborhoods, acquire the properties from private members, relocate the residents and businesses, clear the site, build new roads and utilities, and turn the land over to private developers

Question 24

Urban sustainability

Answer 24

The goal of improving the social and economic conditions of an increasingly urbanized population while maintaining environmental quality

Question 25

Walkability

Answer 25

A measure of how friendly (safe, convenient, and efficient) an urban area us to walking

Question 26

Zones of abandonment

Answer 26

Areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental regions