UNIT 5 - CH 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Agricultural landscape

A

Landscape resulting from the interactions between farming activities and a locations natural environment

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2
Q

Agroecosystem

A

Ecosystem modified for agricultural use

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3
Q

Deforestation

A

Loss of forest land and soil erosion (wearing away of topsoil by wind, rain, and other phenomena)

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4
Q

Terrace farming

A

Farming where farmers carve parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level, growing plots

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5
Q

Irrigation

A

To supplement rainfall, water is brought from its natural sources to farm fields through canals and other means

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6
Q

Reservoirs

A

Artificial lakes created by building dams across streams and rivers

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7
Q

Aquifers

A

Layers of underground sand, gravel, and rocks that contain and can release a useable amount of water

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8
Q

Wetlands

A

Areas of land that are covered by or saturates with water - such as swamps, marches, and bogs

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9
Q

Desertification

A

Form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desert-like condition - can be the result of poor pastoral nomadism practices in arid or semiarid land

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10
Q

Biodiversity

A

Variety of organisms living in a location

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11
Q

Pollution

A

Water runoff from fields may contain chemicals and nutrients from pesticides and fertilizers, as well as bacteria and disease-carrying organisms - which damages the ecosystem

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12
Q

Land cover change

A

Refers to how the surface of land is altered by different land uses - especially by the way humans use the land

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13
Q

Soil salinization

A

In arid regions, irrigation water evaporates, leaving salts behind in the soil

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14
Q

Overgrazing

A

Grazing so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground erodes

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15
Q

Conservation

A

Managing and protecting natural resources to prevent their depletion

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16
Q

Sustainability

A

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

17
Q

Debt-for-nature-swap

A

When agencies such as the World Bank make a deal with third world countries that they will cancel their debt if the country will set aside a certain amount of their natural resources

18
Q

Biotechnology

A

A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes

19
Q

Agricultural biodiversity

A

Describes the variety and variability of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture

20
Q

Aquaculture

A

The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

21
Q

Precision agriculture

A

Use of computer technology and geographic information systems to automatically very the chemicals applied to a crop at different places within a field

22
Q

Local food movement

A

Collaborative effort to build more locally based, self-reliant food economies

23
Q

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

A

Network between agricultural producers and consumers whereby consumers pledge support to a farming operation in order to receive a share of the output from the farming operation

24
Q

Organic farming

A

The use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops

25
Q

Value-added crops

A

Changing the physical state or form of an agricultural product in a way that increases its worth (wheat into flour or berries into jam)

26
Q

Dietary shifts

A

Nutrition transition is the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes

27
Q

Food security

A

Peoples ability to access sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

28
Q

Food insecurity

A

Limited or uncertain ability to acquire or consume an adequate quality or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways

29
Q

Suburbanization

A

The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe

30
Q

Food desserts

A

An area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has a poor access to a grocery store

31
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number of different species in an area

32
Q

Overgrazing

A

Grazing so heavily that the vegetation is damaged and the ground erodes

33
Q
A