UNIT 5 - CH 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Infrastructure

A

Basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society and its economy

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2
Q

Dual Agricultural Economy

A

An economy having two agricultural sectors that have different levels of technology and different patterns of demand

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3
Q

Economy of scale

A

When production increases, expenses are lower power unit of output (this has always existed in agriculture - but with the introduction of modern farming technology - it has increased considerably)

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4
Q

Agribusiness

A

Refers to the large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment

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5
Q

Hybrid

A

Scientists intentionally breed grains, fruits and vegetables in which different varieties are bred to enhance desired characteristics and improve disease resistance

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6
Q

Dairy farming

A

A form of commercial livestock production where cattle is used for the processing of milk and other dairy products. Prevalent in Northern Europe and in the Northern United States

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7
Q

Vertical integration

A

Occurs when a company controls more than one stage of the production process

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8
Q

Commodity chain

A

Complex network that connects places of production with distribution to consumers

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9
Q

Farm subsidies

A

A governmental low-cost loans, insurance and payments provided to farmers and agribusiness to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities

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10
Q

Tariffs

A

Tax or duty to be paid on a particular import or export

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11
Q

Von Thunen Model

A

Model developed by Von Thunen, German economist and landowner, to explain the forces that control the prices of agricultural commodities and how those variable prices affect patterns of agricultural land utilization

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12
Q

Isotropic

A

Flat or featureless land

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13
Q

Grain (cereal grain)

A

Def: A grass yielding grain for food (or feed)
Ex: oats, wheat, rye, or barley

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14
Q

Global Supply Chain

A

This is the same as commodity chain - but at a global scale - they enable the delivery of a product between countries

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15
Q

Cash crop

A

A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower

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16
Q

Fair Trade movement

A

Global campaign to fix unfair wage practices and protect the ability of farmers to earn a living