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1- SA- Respiratory Disease > Nasal disease > Flashcards

Nasal disease Flashcards

1
Q

List 11 clinical signs associated with nasal disease

A

clinical signs can be similar irrespective of cause

Nasal discharge
sneezing
pawing or rubbing muzzle
facial deformity
loss of pigment on the nasal planum
ulceration
epiphora
open-mouth breathing
halitosis
stertor
coughing

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2
Q

What is epiphora

A

having excess tears or watery eyes

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3
Q

List 2 things nasal disease could be secondary to

A

dental disease causing inflammation and nasal damage
bacterial rhinitis secondary to viral disease

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4
Q

What triggers reverse sneezing

A

Nasopharyngeal irritation

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5
Q

What is reverse sneezing

A

loud inspiratory noise
laboured respiratory effort
is generally self-limiting

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6
Q

List 6 common causes of nasal disease

A

Nasal neoplasia
Inflammatory or infectious rhinitis
fungal rhinitis
structural/ periodontal disease
foreign body
stenotic nares

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7
Q

Why may contrast CT help when investigating nasal disease

A

helps to highlight vasculature
Helps differentiate between tumours (vascular) vs discharge or epistaxis (nose bleed)

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8
Q

List 4 advantages of nasal flush in investigating nasal disease

A

non-invasive
quick procedure
Occasionally helps to clear discharge and debris from nasal passages and reduce stertor.
Occasionally produces tissue sample for histopathological examination if nasal mass very friable.

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9
Q

List 3 disadvantages of nasal flushes when investigating nasal disease

A

requires general anaesthesia
may not provide material suitable for examination
messy

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10
Q

If you see white plaques when using rhinoscopy to investigate nasal disease what should you suspect

A

Fungal rhinitis

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11
Q

T/F primary bacterial rhinitis is rare

A

True - most commonly secondary problem

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12
Q

What is the best way to diagnose a nasopharyngeal polyp

A

visualization of polyp

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13
Q

What are stenotic nares

A

components of BOAS
is when the Dorsolateral nasal cartilages are medially displaced- which decreases the available lumen
Can treat when young to try prevent further BOAS signs when older

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14
Q

Which neoplasia is common in dogs with nasal disease

A

carcinomas
sarcomas
rarely polyps

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15
Q

Which neoplasia is common in cats with nasal disease

A

polyps (young cats)
lymphoma
nasal carcinomas (especially light coloured cats)

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16
Q

List 3 clues that MAY suggest neoplasia when investigating nasal disease

A

unilateral disease
lytic lesions
Involvement of sinuses - not been proven but need to consider?

17
Q

Which types of dogs is fungal nasal disease most common

A

mesocephalic and doliocephalic (long nosed dogs)
Rotties
GRets
GSD

18
Q

What is the most common fungal nasal disease in
a. dogs
b. cats

A

a. Aspergillus fumigatus in dogs
b. Aspergillus or Cryptococcus spp in cats

19
Q

List 4 common clinical signs of fungal nasal disease

A

cream or green nasal discharge
nasal planum ulceration
sneezing
nasal pain

20
Q

How do you treat fungal nasal disease

A

topical treatment most effective
flush with: clotrimazole or enilconazole

21
Q

What can be a clinical sign seen mainly with aspergillosis

A

depigmentation of the nasal planum

22
Q

what virus may play a role in chronic destructive rhinitis in cats

A

feline herpesvirus

23
Q

what neoplasia can white cats with solar exposure commonly get

A

squamous cell carcinomas

24
Q

What is the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma on nasal planum

A

planectomy (usually successful)
photodynamic therapy (will require multiple treatments) or immunomodulators

25
Q

list 5 clinical signs associated with nasopharyngeal polyps in cats

A

laboured and noisy breathing
nasal discharge
head shaking
sneezing
difficulty swallowing

26
Q

in which species is aspergillosis mainly seen in

A

dogs (rare in cats)

27
Q

T/F we should be worried if we see a dog which is reverse sneezing

A

False

28
Q

when a client is telling you about a dog in with signs of nasal disease, what is very useful for them to do?

A

get a video

29
Q

alongside normal historical questions (e.g. when was patient last normal) List 6 specific questions relating to nasal disease should you ask an owner

A

acute or chronic?
one/both nostrils
nature of discharge? presence of blood?
reverse sneezing
pain/difficulty eating (implies dental disease)
halitosis

30
Q

what is the nasal planum

A

top part of the nose

31
Q

Describe how to diagnose nasal neoplasia

A

radiography
CT rhinoscopy and biopsy

1- SA- Respiratory Disease (15 decks)

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