Coughing in small animals Flashcards

1
Q

Define cough

A

sudden noisy expulsion of air from the respiratory tract due to irritation

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2
Q

List 7 differentials for acute coughing

A

tracheobronchitis
irritation to the airway
foreign body
trauma
pulmonary haemorrhage - often + dyspnoea
acute pneumonia - often + dyspnoea
acute oedema- often + dysponea

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3
Q

List 3 things that can cause infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs

A

canine parainfluenzavirus
canine adenovirus (2)
bordetella bronchiseptica

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4
Q

how soon do dogs normally recover from infectious tracheobronchitis

A

in 7-10 days

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5
Q

List 3 situations in which you would give a dog with infectious trachebronchitis systemic antibacterials

A

if pyrexic
systemically ill
muco-purulent nasal discharge

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6
Q

why do we want to avoid using anti-tussive agents

A

couhging is protective in most cases

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7
Q

List 2 anti-trussives that can be used

A

butorphanol / codeine- off license

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8
Q

List 8 differentials for canine chronic cough

A

most common: chronic bronchitis
Airway FB
bronchopneumonia
l. heart failure
parasites
tracheal collapse
pulmonary neoplasia
eosinophilic disease

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9
Q

What investigation should you do in a coughing dog

A

imaging - X-ray of CT

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10
Q

Describe how you manage canine chronic bronchitis

A

weight control
harness not collar
avoid irritants
keep hydrated
place in steamy bathrooms to help shift mucous
coupage the chest
glucocorticoids
bronchodilators
mucolytics

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11
Q

how do we diagnose canine chronic bronchitis

A

history + physical findings
thoracic radiographs (increased bronchial lung pattern)
bronchoscopy + BAL (increased mucous, neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages)

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12
Q

how do bronchodilators help with chronic bronchitis

A

beta-agonists can increase airflow, reduce wheezing, reduce cough and increase exercise ability

throphylline can help reduce airway inflammation

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13
Q

will chronic bronchitis cough ever be cured

A

no- but it can be controlled

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14
Q

what causes feline bronchial disease

A

type 1 hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens

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15
Q

List 2 other names for feline bronchial disease

A

feline asthma
feline allergic airway disease

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16
Q

T/F primary bacterial bronchopneumonia is common in cats and dogs

A

False - RARE

17
Q

List 10 things that can predispose an animal to bacterial bronchopneumonia

A

Debilitation
Prolonged recumbency
Systemic immunosuppression
Immunodeficiency states
Defective respiratory defenses
Damaged respiratory epithelium
Aspiration
Airway obstruction
Systemic sepsis
Bronchiectasis

18
Q

what is Bronchiectasis

A

is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection.

19
Q

Describe how to diagnose bacterial bronchopneumonia

A

thoracic radiographs - alveolar pattern
CT
BAL

20
Q

Describe how to treat bacterial bronchopneumonia

A

antibiotics- broad spectrum
supplemental humidified oxygen
IVFT
anti-inflammatories
bronchodilators
mucolytics
physiotherapy
nebulisation

21
Q

list the clinical signs of bronchial FBs

A

sudden coughing and gagging
halitosis
weight loss
respiratory distress

22
Q

Describe how to diagnose bronchial FBs

A

thoracic radiographs
bronchoscopy +/- BAL

23
Q

do animals with primary pulmonary neoplasia tend to have a cough

24
Q

do animals with secondary pulmonary neoplasia tend to have a cough

25
List the 5 cardiorespiratory parasites in dogs
Oslerus osleri Filaroides species Crenosoma vulpis Angiostrongylus vasorum Capilaria aerophila
26
List the 2 cardiorespiratory parasites in cats
Aelostrongylus abstruses Capilaria aerophila
27
how to diagnose O. osleri
characteristic nodules seen on bronchoscopy L1 in faeces or BAL fluid
28
What is the treatment of Oslerus osleri
fenbendazole
29
is infection with Filaroides secies clinically significant
usually no - they tend to be asymptomatic infections