Coughing in small animals Flashcards
Define cough
sudden noisy expulsion of air from the respiratory tract due to irritation
List 7 differentials for acute coughing
tracheobronchitis
irritation to the airway
foreign body
trauma
pulmonary haemorrhage - often + dyspnoea
acute pneumonia - often + dyspnoea
acute oedema- often + dysponea
List 3 things that can cause infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs
canine parainfluenzavirus
canine adenovirus (2)
bordetella bronchiseptica
how soon do dogs normally recover from infectious tracheobronchitis
in 7-10 days
List 3 situations in which you would give a dog with infectious trachebronchitis systemic antibacterials
if pyrexic
systemically ill
muco-purulent nasal discharge
why do we want to avoid using anti-tussive agents
couhging is protective in most cases
List 2 anti-trussives that can be used
butorphanol / codeine- off license
List 8 differentials for canine chronic cough
most common: chronic bronchitis
Airway FB
bronchopneumonia
l. heart failure
parasites
tracheal collapse
pulmonary neoplasia
eosinophilic disease
What investigation should you do in a coughing dog
imaging - X-ray of CT
Describe how you manage canine chronic bronchitis
weight control
harness not collar
avoid irritants
keep hydrated
place in steamy bathrooms to help shift mucous
coupage the chest
glucocorticoids
bronchodilators
mucolytics
how do we diagnose canine chronic bronchitis
history + physical findings
thoracic radiographs (increased bronchial lung pattern)
bronchoscopy + BAL (increased mucous, neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages)
how do bronchodilators help with chronic bronchitis
beta-agonists can increase airflow, reduce wheezing, reduce cough and increase exercise ability
throphylline can help reduce airway inflammation
will chronic bronchitis cough ever be cured
no- but it can be controlled
what causes feline bronchial disease
type 1 hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens
List 2 other names for feline bronchial disease
feline asthma
feline allergic airway disease
T/F primary bacterial bronchopneumonia is common in cats and dogs
False - RARE
List 10 things that can predispose an animal to bacterial bronchopneumonia
Debilitation
Prolonged recumbency
Systemic immunosuppression
Immunodeficiency states
Defective respiratory defenses
Damaged respiratory epithelium
Aspiration
Airway obstruction
Systemic sepsis
Bronchiectasis
what is Bronchiectasis
is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection.
Describe how to diagnose bacterial bronchopneumonia
thoracic radiographs - alveolar pattern
CT
BAL
Describe how to treat bacterial bronchopneumonia
antibiotics- broad spectrum
supplemental humidified oxygen
IVFT
anti-inflammatories
bronchodilators
mucolytics
physiotherapy
nebulisation
list the clinical signs of bronchial FBs
sudden coughing and gagging
halitosis
weight loss
respiratory distress
Describe how to diagnose bronchial FBs
thoracic radiographs
bronchoscopy +/- BAL
do animals with primary pulmonary neoplasia tend to have a cough
Yes
do animals with secondary pulmonary neoplasia tend to have a cough
No
List the 5 cardiorespiratory parasites in dogs
Oslerus osleri
Filaroides species
Crenosoma vulpis
Angiostrongylus vasorum
Capilaria aerophila
List the 2 cardiorespiratory parasites in cats
Aelostrongylus abstruses
Capilaria aerophila
how to diagnose O. osleri
characteristic nodules seen on bronchoscopy
L1 in faeces or BAL fluid
What is the treatment of Oslerus osleri
fenbendazole
is infection with Filaroides secies clinically significant
usually no - they tend to be asymptomatic infections
