Breathlessness in small animals- localisation SDL Flashcards
What is orthopnoea
Dyspnoea in any position other than standing or erect sitting – usually due to bilateral pulmonary oedema
What is Trepopnoea
Dyspnoea in one lateral recumbency but not the other – unilateral lung or pleural disease, or unilateral airway obstruction e.g unilateral pleural effusion
What breathing pattern is seen with upper resp tract disease
slow resp rate
exaggerated inspiratory effort
What breathing pattern is seen with lower resp restrictive disease
fast shallow breaths
often both phases of breathing affected
What breathing pattern is seen with pleural diseases
Inspiratory and expiratory effort increased- as loss of pleural adhesion increases required effort to breathe.
Describe wheezes
high-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration (most commonly on expiration)
What is rhonci
Low-pitched continuous sounds present during inspiration or expiration
What could increased tympanic sounds suggest
pneumothorax
feline asthma
emphysema
what could decreased tympanic sounds (usually unilateral) suggest
diaphagmatic hernia
chest masses
unilateral pleural effusion
What are the 4 things in the lung
Airways
Interstitium
Alveoli
Blood vessels
What are the 4 categories of areas causing respiratory difficulty
URT
Pleural space
Lung (alveolar or interstitial)
Non-CRS conditions
List 2 things which URT disease is characterised by
Inspiratory difficulty
audible noise
List 3 things which pleural space disease is characterised by
muffled heart and lung sounds
characteristic respiratory pattern
inspiratory and expiratory effort
List some characteristics of Non-CRS condition causes of difficulty breathing
often metabolic/ physiologic
rapid, shallow breathing
