Kennel Cough Flashcards
List the clinical signs which suggest upper respiratory disease
Ocular discharge
Nasal discharge
Cough - can be both upper and lower
Stertor/ Stridor??
List the clinical signs associated with lower respiratory disease
Cough- can be both upper and lower
Dyspnoea/ Tachypnoea
Stertor/ Stridor ?
What is Stertor
like snoring
low pitched soft tissue vibration
common in BOAS
is noisy breathing that occurs above the larynx
What is Stridor
high pitched wheezing
vibration of rigid tissues
is noisy breathing that occurs at the level of the larynx or below
What does the acronym CIRD mean
Canine infectious respiratory disease complex
means he same thing as kennel cough
List 5 clinical signs of CIRD
Hacking cough +/- productive
Submandibular lymphadenopathy
Ocular/ nasal discharge
Lethargy +/-
Pyrexia +/-
List the 4 most common causes of CIRD
Canine parainfluenza virus
Canine adenovirus-2
Canine respiratory coronavirus
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Where does canine parainfluenza virus generally infect
upper respiratory tract only
What is bordetella bronchiseptica
gram -ve aerobic
is zoonotic to humans and cats
can cause primary and secondary infections of resp tract
List the 3 less common causes of CIRD that we need to be aware of
Canine distemper virus
Canine influenza
Strep equi
When do we perform specific diagnostic tests on CIRD
If it will change how we manage the animal
If the animal is not responding as we expect
refractory disease
what are the diagnostic options for CIRD
paired serology
Nasal or oropharyngeal swab for most pathogens (PCR)- most common and cheap
How long can Bordetella bronchiseptica be shed for
up to 12 weeks
Describe symptomatic treatment of CIRD
clean eyes and nose
avoid pulling on collar
NSAIDs if pyrexic
paracetamol
butorphanol/codeine for cough
glycerin to moisturise the throat
Why are NSAIDs not useful for coughs
they block prostaglandind which can be protective and help the animal breath
Does pneumonia cause a cough
No- it has to be bronchopneumonia in order for the animal to cough as there are no cough receptors in the alveoli
List 5 ways to prevent CIRD
environmental hygiene
reduce dog-to-dog contact in shelters
reduce fomite transmission
increase ventilation
vaccinate all animals
what does the kennel cough vaccine protect against
parainfluenza
bordatellla
List 3 ways to make giving intranasal vaccines easier
cover the eyes
warm the liquid
trickle don’t squirt
Does having a infectious disease agent present mean the animal has the infectious disease
No
when will infectious diseases be most significant?
why?
In big boarding situations and shelters
because agents will be mixing a lot, animals will be stressed and quite often kept in less-than-ideal conditions (e.g. bad ventilation)
if an animal has inspiratory dyspnoea (struggling to breath in), which part of the respiratory tract is likely causing the problem
Upper
if an animal has expiratory dyspnoea (struggling to breath out), which part of the respiratory tract is likely causing the problem
Lower
is a brachycephalic dog more likely to struggle with inspiratory or expiratory dyspnoea?
inspiratory
why are we not as worried about URT pathology as we are about LRT pathology?
more risk of serious consequences with LRT pathology
ocular discharge likely indicates …… pathology
URT
Nasal discharge likely indicates …… pathology
URT
what part of the resp tract could be affected if an animal has a cough?
Upper or lower
when might an animal exhibit stertor
soft palate pathology
everted laryngeal saccules
common in BOAS
name for clinical sign which involves the narrowing of airways, vibration of rigid tissues and sounds like high pitched wheezing
Stridor
when might we see stridor
tracheal or laryngeal pathology
laryngeal paralysis
tracheal collapse
List 6 systemic signs might we see with IRTD- infectious respiratory tract disease
Pyrexia
Depression
Lethargy
Inappetance
Hyporexia
Anorexia
what is the proper name for kennel cough
canine infectious respiratory disease complex
what is kennel cough essentially
inflammation of trachea (tracheitis)
Describe how viruses cause CIRD
disrupt mucociliary escalator
this allows invasion of ‘bystander’/ secondary bacteria
what type of vaccines are avaliable against canine parainfluenza virus
subcut and intranasal
why is it important to know if a virus is enveloped or not when deciding how to manage it?
enveloped virus are more prone to destruction by certain cleaning components
How long is bordatella shed for
shed for up to 12 weeks
what should you consider as possible cause if animal not responding to normal KC treatment
Canine inflenza
Describe how KC/CIRD is transmitted
mainly aerosols
sometimes direct transmission (mostly CAV and bordatella)
what do you see with strep equi in dogs
Pyrexia
bloody nasal discharge
haematemesis
Has high morbidity and mortality
describe how to diagnose canine distemper
conjunctival swab
