Kennel Cough

Question 1

List the clinical signs which suggest upper respiratory disease

Answer 1

Ocular discharge
Nasal discharge
Cough - can be both upper and lower
Stertor/ Stridor??

Question 2

List the clinical signs associated with lower respiratory disease

Answer 2

Cough- can be both upper and lower
Dyspnoea/ Tachypnoea
Stertor/ Stridor ?

Question 3

What is Stertor

Answer 3

like snoring
low pitched soft tissue vibration
common in BOAS
is noisy breathing that occurs above the larynx

Question 4

What is Stridor

Answer 4

high pitched wheezing
vibration of rigid tissues
is noisy breathing that occurs at the level of the larynx or below

Question 5

What does the acronym CIRD mean

Answer 5

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex
means he same thing as kennel cough

Question 6

List 5 clinical signs of CIRD

Answer 6

Hacking cough +/- productive
Submandibular lymphadenopathy
Ocular/ nasal discharge
Lethargy +/-
Pyrexia +/-

Question 7

List the 4 most common causes of CIRD

Answer 7

Canine parainfluenza virus
Canine adenovirus-2
Canine respiratory coronavirus
Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 8

Where does canine parainfluenza virus generally infect

Answer 8

upper respiratory tract only

Question 9

What is bordetella bronchiseptica

Answer 9

gram -ve aerobic
is zoonotic to humans and cats
can cause primary and secondary infections of resp tract

Question 10

List the 3 less common causes of CIRD that we need to be aware of

Answer 10

Canine distemper virus
Canine influenza
Strep equi

Question 11

When do we perform specific diagnostic tests on CIRD

Answer 11

If it will change how we manage the animal
If the animal is not responding as we expect
refractory disease

Question 12

what are the diagnostic options for CIRD

Answer 12

paired serology
Nasal or oropharyngeal swab for most pathogens (PCR)- most common and cheap

Question 13

How long can Bordetella bronchiseptica be shed for

Answer 13

up to 12 weeks

Question 14

Describe symptomatic treatment of CIRD

Answer 14

clean eyes and nose
avoid pulling on collar
NSAIDs if pyrexic
paracetamol
butorphanol/codeine for cough
glycerin to moisturise the throat

Question 15

Why are NSAIDs not useful for coughs

Answer 15

they block prostaglandind which can be protective and help the animal breath

Question 16

Does pneumonia cause a cough

Answer 16

No- it has to be bronchopneumonia in order for the animal to cough as there are no cough receptors in the alveoli

Question 17

List 5 ways to prevent CIRD

Answer 17

environmental hygiene
reduce dog-to-dog contact in shelters
reduce fomite transmission
increase ventilation
vaccinate all animals

Question 18

what does the kennel cough vaccine protect against

Answer 18

parainfluenza
bordatellla

Question 19

List 3 ways to make giving intranasal vaccines easier

Answer 19

cover the eyes
warm the liquid
trickle don’t squirt

Question 20

Does having a infectious disease agent present mean the animal has the infectious disease

Answer 20

No

Question 21

when will infectious diseases be most significant?
why?

Answer 21

In big boarding situations and shelters
because agents will be mixing a lot, animals will be stressed and quite often kept in less-than-ideal conditions (e.g. bad ventilation)

Question 22

if an animal has inspiratory dyspnoea (struggling to breath in), which part of the respiratory tract is likely causing the problem

Answer 22

Upper

Question 23

if an animal has expiratory dyspnoea (struggling to breath out), which part of the respiratory tract is likely causing the problem

Answer 23

Lower

Question 24

is a brachycephalic dog more likely to struggle with inspiratory or expiratory dyspnoea?

Answer 24

inspiratory

Question 25

why are we not as worried about URT pathology as we are about LRT pathology?

Answer 25

more risk of serious consequences with LRT pathology

Question 26

ocular discharge likely indicates …… pathology

Answer 26

URT

Question 27

Nasal discharge likely indicates …… pathology

Answer 27

URT

Question 28

what part of the resp tract could be affected if an animal has a cough?

Answer 28

Upper or lower

Question 29

when might an animal exhibit stertor

Answer 29

soft palate pathology
everted laryngeal saccules
common in BOAS

Question 30

name for clinical sign which involves the narrowing of airways, vibration of rigid tissues and sounds like high pitched wheezing

Answer 30

Stridor

Question 31

when might we see stridor

Answer 31

tracheal or laryngeal pathology
laryngeal paralysis
tracheal collapse

Question 32

List 6 systemic signs might we see with IRTD- infectious respiratory tract disease

Answer 32

Pyrexia
Depression
Lethargy
Inappetance
Hyporexia
Anorexia

Question 33

what is the proper name for kennel cough

Answer 33

canine infectious respiratory disease complex

Question 34

what is kennel cough essentially

Answer 34

inflammation of trachea (tracheitis)

Question 35

Describe how viruses cause CIRD

Answer 35

disrupt mucociliary escalator
this allows invasion of ‘bystander’/ secondary bacteria

Question 36

what type of vaccines are avaliable against canine parainfluenza virus

Answer 36

subcut and intranasal

Question 37

why is it important to know if a virus is enveloped or not when deciding how to manage it?

Answer 37

enveloped virus are more prone to destruction by certain cleaning components

Question 38

How long is bordatella shed for

Answer 38

shed for up to 12 weeks

Question 39

what should you consider as possible cause if animal not responding to normal KC treatment

Answer 39

Canine inflenza

Question 40

Describe how KC/CIRD is transmitted

Answer 40

mainly aerosols
sometimes direct transmission (mostly CAV and bordatella)

Question 41

what do you see with strep equi in dogs

Answer 41

Pyrexia
bloody nasal discharge
haematemesis

Has high morbidity and mortality

Question 42

describe how to diagnose canine distemper

Answer 42

conjunctival swab