Feline asthma and chronic bronchitis Flashcards
Coughing in younger cats and kittens- increases suspicion of…..
infectious disease cause
respiratory issues in older cats- increases suspicion of ……
other diseases such as:
hyperthyroidism
neoplasia
cardiac disease
signalment of lower airway disease
tends to affect young adult to middle aged cats
what is feline lower airway disease
used to include feline asthma (a condition of reversible bronchoconstriction in response to inhaled allergens), and chronic bronchitis (a condition of airway thickening and excessive mucous).
Describe the breathing pattern that you tend to see in cats with laryngeal disease
laboured inspiration - stridor, increased effort and slow inspiratory phase
may have change in purr or vocalisation
Describe the respiratory pattern that you tend to see in cats with lower airway disease
laboured expiration- prolonged expiratory phase, additional expiratory push, audible expiratory wheeze
increased airway resistance
occasional cough
What is chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time
Response to an infection or inhaled irritant
How does airway obstruction occur in feline asthma
bronchoconstriction
inflammation
mucous plugs in narrowed bronchioles
List 5 differential diagnosis for coughing cats
URT disease
inflammatory lower airway disease
infectious
foreign body
neoplasia
What is PPDH
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia
why do we need to careful when doing bronchoscopy/ BALs in cats
they have very sensitive airways and this can cause bronchoconstriction
List 5 things that you may see on a radiograph of a feline inflammatory airway disease patient
bronchial patterns
hyperinflation
air trapping
collapse of R middle lung lobe
air in stomach
List differentials for eosinophilic inflammation of the lungs
feline inflammatory airway disease
viral pneumonia
parasites
hypereosinophilic syndrome
What may you see on BAL of a cat with congestive heart failure
iron in the macrophages - known as heart failure cells
Describe a management plan for feline inflammatory airway disease
corticosteroids- dexamethaone IV
beta-2 agonists- to manage bronchospasm (terbutaline or inhaled salbutamol)
oxygen therapy
reduce allergens- if you know them
prednisolone po for 2-3 weeks
What causes feline lungworm
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Describe how you diagnose Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
identify L1 in faeces or on BAL in cat
Describe the treatment of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
fenbendazole 5-7 days minimum
Describe the clinical signs of feline lungworm
most infected cats are asymptomatic
mild cough but might –> dyspnoea
List the clinical signs of Mycoplasma felis pneumonia
fever
cough
tachypnoea
lethargy
M felis associated with lower airway disease in cats
How do you diagnose M. felis pneumonia
PCR on tracheal wash
How do you treat M. felis pneumonia
doxycycline
what pathogen causes mycoplasma pneumonia in cats
Mycoplasma felis
When should you consider M. bovis/ microti in cats
if cat has a bite that is not healing like normal
What are the clinical signs of M. bovis/ microti in cats
early cutaneous signs - non-healing sores or nodules
+/- large lymph nodes
early GI signs - V/D, weight loss, poor appetite, inflammatory granulomas
late stage respiratory signs - pneumonia
How do you treat M. bovis/ microti infections in cats
6 month course of rifamipicin/pradofloxacin/azithromycin
how to diagnose M. bovis/microti infections
histopathology and PCR testing
List the clinical signs of feline asthma
coughing
audible wheezing
exercise intolerance
respiratory distress
tachypnoea
List 10 differential diagnosis for hyperpnoeic/tachypnoeic cat
respiratory disease
cardiac disease
pleural space disease
mediastinal disease
stress/pain/fear
CNS disease
anaemia/hypovolaemia
heatstroke
ruptured diaphragm
PPDH
