Nasal Cavity- Gilland Flashcards
What comprises of the external nose?
- glabella: spot above the nose
- root
- dorsum
- apex: tip of of nose
- septum
- ala: sides of the nose
- naris
- alar groove
Noses vary in shape: broad, narrow, long, short, downturned, upturned. But what are the two functions of the nose that have remained consistent?
- respiratory function: lead to slightly different modification internally
- the mucosal layers (warm vs high dry altitude)
- appearance count for mating (different views in what is beautiful)
External nose cutaneous vessels and nerves
facial artery will give off branches of the superior labial artery going to the septum and an angular artery giving off nasal branches
on the side of the ala we will have nasal branches of the infraorbital artery (a terminal branch of the maxillary artery along with the facial artery)
upper part of the nose is the dorsal nasal artery (a branch of the ophthalmic artery)
anterior nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery
multiply arterial vascular supplies
cutaneous innervation of the nose
-large patch on side of the nose is sensory branches coming off of the infraorbital nerve (does the ala region)
top of the nose next to the medial angle of the eye is from the infratrochlear nerve which is a terminal branch of nasociliary
running from the tip of the nose
External nose musculature
- procerus
- anomalous nasi
- alar nasalis
- orbicularis oris
- compressor narium minor
- depressor septi
- levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
- transverse nasalis: opens nasal aperture to bring in more air
- dilator naris anterior: control the nasal aperture during activity; mediates flaring of the nostrils
the maximum flow of air is not so much during heavy activity as it is during sniffing (that’s the fastest time you can move air through your nasal cavity into your lungs the only time your laryngeal opening is wide opened)
these muscle are innervated by CN VII and are considered muscle of facial expression; they function both for expressing emotional aspects of your behavior as well as controlling the nasal aperture.
External nose- skeleton
- nasal bone is the most superior and meet in the middle
- borders the frontal process of the maxilla (forms the lateral side of the bony aperture)
-the rest of the external nose skeleton is comprised of cartilages and the major ones are the major alar and minor alar cartilages on the ala of the nose, the lateral nasal cartilage on the bridge of the nose, and septal cartilage on the inside (this cartilage are the opens surgeons scrape down to give people a nose shape they think they should have been born with)
Regions within the nasal cavity
the opening of the air passage is called a choana
at the nostril is the anterior choana and the posterior choana is the opening of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx behind
vestibule: the area surrounding the choana with nose hair; keratinized stratified epithelium, sebaceous glands, and vibrissae to filter air
septum is the medial wall of the nasal cavity
atrium is the expansion behind the vestibule
the much larger area covers the lateral structures called the terminates which are small structures inside the nose that cleanse and humidify air that passes through the nostrils into the lungs;
respiratory area
- inferior 2/3 of nasal mucosa
- covered with respiratory epithelium
- highly vascularized mucosa covering the terminates and is filled with venous sinusoids especially over the concha; it is an erectile tissue; engorgement of the mucosa is nasal congestion
- engorgements alternates, so breath from one naris at a time
- respiratory mucosa conditions the air you’re breathing by warming, humidifying, and cleaning the air (particles could stick and clog to the mucosa layer)
olfactory area
- covers the roof and superior concha
- roof of the nasal cavity is under the cribriform plate and olfactory sensory epithelium extends onto the lateral wall superior concha/terminate and upper septal wall
Lateral wall of the nasal cavity
- sphenoid sinus
- sphenoethmoid recess
- hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa
- dorsum sellae
- clivus
- pharyngeal tonsil
- posterior choana
- torus tubarius
- pharyngeal orifice of pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
- atlas (anterior arch)
- soft palate, palatine septum
- hard palate
- maxilla
- incisive foramen
Where does the nasolacrimal duct open and what is its function?
inferior meatus
-tears being drained from your lacrimal system drain into here
Where is the semilunar hiatus located? What are the 3 things that drain into the semilunar hiatus?
-underneath the ethmoidal bulla which is underneath the middle meatus
- frontal sinus via frontonasal duct
- anterior ethmoid cells
- ostium of the maxillary sinus
The ethmoid bone has how many sinuses in it?
3
these sinuses are also called ethmoidal air cells and each one of them open into the nasal cavity separately
What drains into the nasal cavity at the ethmoidal bulla?
middle ethmoid air cells
What is the sphenoethmoidal recess?
is a small space in the nasal cavity into which the sphenoidal sinus and posterior ethmoidal air cells open
Bony walls of the nasal cavity
- perpendicular plate of ethmoid: runs in btw the ethmoidal air cells on either side
- vomer bridges btw the hard palate and the body of the sphenoid
- inferior concha is a separate bone that attaches itself to the maxilla and the palatine bone
- superior and middle concha are the bony extensions of the ethmoid bone
What bone bridges btw the hard palate and the body of the sphenoid?
vomer
What are the bony extensions of the ethmoid bone?
superior and middle concha
