Higher Cortical Function- Manaye Flashcards

1
Q

What are higher cortical functions?

A
  • memory
  • orientation
  • concentration
  • language
  • recognition of stimuli (examined by tests for agnosia)
  • learned skilled movements (examined by tests for apraxia)
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2
Q

Describe the functional localization of the cerebral cortex.

A
  • frontal lobe helps you think about words
  • occipital lobe helps you to see words
  • parietal lobe helps you to speak words
  • temporal lobe helps you to hear words
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3
Q

What is consciousness?

A

encompasses perception of sensation, voluntary initiation and control of movement, and capabilities associated with higher mental processing

  • involves SIMULTANEOUS activity of large areas of the cerebral cortex
  • alert (heightened) state and drowsiness (awake but not inattentive)
  • reticular activating system and neurohormonal systems
  • clinical consciousness is defined on a continuum that grades levels of behavior- alertness, drowsiness, stupor, coma
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4
Q

What is attention?

A
  • selects information for cognitive process
  • selection may be shaped by emotion, motivation, and salience and is under some executive control
  • without flexible, voluntary access control, humans would not be able to change habitual behavior to take advantage of new opportunities
  • without stimulus-driven attention, we would not be able to respond quickly to significant events
  • thus we need both VOLUNTARY and AUTOMATIC attention
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5
Q

What is cognition?

A
  • ability to attend to external stimuli and internal motivation
  • identify the significance of the stimuli and make meaningful responses
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6
Q

What cortices are responsible for cognition?

A

Association cortices are responsible for this complex processing

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7
Q

What is intelligence?

A
  • the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, and think abstractly
  • comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience
  • it is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts
  • it reflects a broader and deeper capacity for comprehending our surroundings- catching on, making sense, of things, figuring out what to do to resolve complex problems
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8
Q

How do you test via ability, achievement aptitude?

A

intelligence quotient (IQ): MA/CA x 100

MA=mental age
CA= chronological age/biological age

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9
Q

What are the functional categories of the cortex?

A
  • association cortices process raw sensory signals into complex concepts that can be remembered and used to create new ideas that can be formulated into action
  • unimodal association cortex: refines single sensory information in that it is a region of the cortex devoted to higher level of information relevant to specific sensory modality; it is adjacent to each primary sensory area
  • multimodal association cortex (not motor): receives input from all sensory modalities and handles complex intellectual functions
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10
Q

Describe the location of the frontal lobe and its function.

A

the frontal lobe is located in front of the central sulcus and above the lateral (Sylvian) fissure

  • plays an integral role in voluntary motor movement for opposite side of body includes face and eyes
  • plays a role in the executive functions
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11
Q

What are the executive functions and what occurs with damage to the prefrontal cortex?

A

Executive functions:

  • memory formation
  • emotions
  • decisions
  • personality

damage to the prefrontal cortex:
-high degree of distractibility and an inability to plan and carry out any complex idea with increased level of stubborness

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