Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards
Bony part of nose is made up of what?
- Nasal bones
- Frontal process of maxilla
- Nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine •
- Bony part of nasal septum
• Cartilagenous part of nose:
- 2 lateral nasal cartilages
- 2 alar cartilages (major alar cartilage and minor alar cartilage)
- Septal cartilage (nasal septum)
What makes up the septum proper?
- Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
- Septal cartilage
- Vomer bone
When we take the septum away what. do we see
name them
concha.
Superior nasal concha and middle nasal concha (part of the ethmoid bone)
inferior nasal concha
Except for the v_________________, all of the nasal are lined with nasal mucosa.
vestibule of the nose (considered an external portion)
Nasal mucosa is firmly connected to the what?
- periostium of the bony parts of the nasal cavity
- perichondrium of the cartilagenous nasal components.
The areas lined with nasal mucosa constitute the what?
- respiratory area (inferior 2/3)
- olfactory area (superior 1/3).
What. are concha called when they are lined with mucosa
turbinates
The olfactory area has specialized nasal mucosa the contains the _______________ for special sense olfaction (smell).
peripheral nerve endings from the olfactory nerve (CN I)
boundaries of nasal cavity
- Roof: frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone
- Floor = palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone
- Medial Wall = nasal septum (perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crests of maxillary & palatine bones)
- Lateral Wall = superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
What do the nasal conchae do?
Divide nasal cavity into 4 passages
- spheno-ethmoidal recess (has opening of sphenoid sinus)
- superior nasal meatus (has 2 openings of ethmoidal sinuses)
-
middle nasal meatus (opening of frontal sinus)
- maxillary sinus also opens into middle nasal meatus in posteriorart of semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium (below ethmoid bulla).
- inferior nasal meatus (opening of nasolacrimal duct)
what. are. our 4 nasal passages
- Sphenoethmoid recess
- Superior meatus
- middle meatus
- inferior meatus
- Sphenoethmoid recess
- Superior meatus
- middle meatus
- inferior meatus
what sinuses are in these nasal passages?
- Sphenoethmoid recess: sphenoid sinus
- Superior meatus: posterior ethmoid sinus
- middle meatus: anteiror and middle ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary. sinus
- inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct
What is the arterial supply. to the nasal cavity?
MAXILLARY A (most of the blood) and FACIAL A
Most of the blood is supplied to the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity from branches of the maxillary artery:
- sphenopalatine a.
- anterior & posterior ethmoidal aa.
- greater palatine a.
But also from the facial artery:
- superior labial a.
- lateral nasal branches
What veins drain the nasal cavity?
* Venous drainage to
- sphenopalatine vein,
- facial vein
- ophthalmic veins
What. is Kiesselbach area ?
Kiesselbach area is where all five arteries come together in a capillary bed that can bleed profusely.
ya dont want to be pernched hurr
Describe the sinus:
Maxillary sinus
Innervation:
Drainage:
LARGEST
Innervation: Superior alveolar N branches
Drainage: drains via the maxillary ostium -> middle meatus
Describe the sinus:
Ethmoid
Innervation:
Drainage:
Innervation: nasociliary N (CN V1)
Drainage:
- anterior & middle ethmoidal cells drain into _middle meatu_s •
- posterior ethmoidal cells drain into superior meatus
Sphenoid sinuses
I:
Drainage
I:posterior ethmoidal N
Drainage: drains via the spheno-ethmoidal reecess
Frontal sinus
I:
Drains:
I: Supraobitial nerves (CN V1)
- Drains via the frontonasal duct into the semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
what is the Pterygopalatine Fossa
A small pyramid-shaped space that is found inferior to the apex of the orbit
Borders of the pterygopalatine fossa
- Anterior = maxillary tuberosity
- Posterior = pterygoid process of sphenoid (lateral plate)
- Medial = perpendicular plate of palatine bone
- Lateral = opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure Roof = (incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid
- Floor = pyramidal process of palatine bone
Openings of the Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Superior = opens into inferior orbital fissure
- Inferior = closed except for palatine foramen
What nerve is mainly in the ptergopalatine fossa that we are looking at?
V2
we can see
zygomatic n.
posterior superior alveolar n.
greater palatine n.
lesser palatine n.
Nasopalatine n.
Contents of the pterygopalatine fossa
Contents:
- • Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
- • Pterygopalatine ganglion
- • Third part of Maxillary artery
what does the maxillary. N do within the pterygopalatine fossa
Maxillary N (V3) -> ptergopalatine nerves and zygomatic N -> [zygomaticofacial n and zygomaticotemporal N
zygomaticotemporal N -> has a communicating branch that conveys parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal N (CN V1)
Parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion
are from _____________. finish
facial nerve (CN VII) via the greater petrosal nerve
- The greater petrosal n. joins thedeep petrosal n. to form thenerve of the pterygoid canal
-
The parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal n. supply the pterygopalatine ganglion
3.
Sympathetics in the ptergo
- The deep petrosal nerve arises from the internal carotid plexus and conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the maxillary n. via the pterygopalatine ganglion (but do not synapse there).
- Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers are from the superior cervical ganglion
Whatnerves will we see in the ptergopalatine fossa
- infraorbitalN/
- Orbital branches of V2
- Greater palatine
- Lesser palatine
LOOK MAINLY. FOR NERVES IN THE FOSSA. A are TOO SMALL
