Nasal Cavity and Pterygopalatine Fossa

Question 1

Bony part of nose is made up of what?

Answer 1

• Nasal bones
• Frontal process of maxilla
• Nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine •
• Bony part of nasal septum

Question 2

• Cartilagenous part of nose:

Answer 2

1. 2 lateral nasal cartilages
2. 2 alar cartilages (major alar cartilage and minor alar cartilage)
3. Septal cartilage (nasal septum)

Question 3

What makes up the septum proper?

Answer 3

1. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
2. Septal cartilage
3. Vomer bone

Question 4

When we take the septum away what. do we see

name them

Answer 4

concha.

Superior nasal concha and middle nasal concha (part of the ethmoid bone)

inferior nasal concha

Question 5

Except for the v_________________, all of the nasal are lined with nasal mucosa.

Answer 5

vestibule of the nose (considered an external portion)

Question 6

Nasal mucosa is firmly connected to the what?

Answer 6

• periostium of the bony parts of the nasal cavity
• perichondrium of the cartilagenous nasal components.

Question 7

The areas lined with nasal mucosa constitute the what?

Answer 7

1. respiratory area (inferior 2/3)
2. olfactory area (superior 1/3).

Question 8

What. are concha called when they are lined with mucosa

Answer 8

turbinates

Question 9

The olfactory area has specialized nasal mucosa the contains the _______________ for special sense olfaction (smell).

Answer 9

peripheral nerve endings from the olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 10

boundaries of nasal cavity

Answer 10

• Roof: frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone
• Floor = palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone
• Medial Wall = nasal septum (perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crests of maxillary & palatine bones)
• Lateral Wall = superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae

Question 11

What do the nasal conchae do?

Answer 11

Divide nasal cavity into 4 passages

• spheno-ethmoidal recess (has opening of sphenoid sinus)
• superior nasal meatus (has 2 openings of ethmoidal sinuses)
• middle nasal meatus (opening of frontal sinus)
  
  • maxillary sinus also opens into middle nasal meatus in posteriorart of semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium (below ethmoid bulla).
• inferior nasal meatus (opening of nasolacrimal duct)

Question 12

what. are. our 4 nasal passages

Answer 12

1. Sphenoethmoid recess
2. Superior meatus
3. middle meatus
4. inferior meatus

Question 13

1. Sphenoethmoid recess
2. Superior meatus
3. middle meatus
4. inferior meatus

what sinuses are in these nasal passages?

Answer 13

1. Sphenoethmoid recess: sphenoid sinus
2. Superior meatus: posterior ethmoid sinus
3. middle meatus: anteiror and middle ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary. sinus
4. inferior meatus: nasolacrimal duct

Question 14

What is the arterial supply. to the nasal cavity?

Answer 14

MAXILLARY A (most of the blood) and FACIAL A

Most of the blood is supplied to the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity from branches of the maxillary artery:

• sphenopalatine a.
• anterior & posterior ethmoidal aa.
• greater palatine a.

But also from the facial artery:

• superior labial a.
• lateral nasal branches

Question 15

What veins drain the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

* Venous drainage to

1. sphenopalatine vein,
2. facial vein
3. ophthalmic veins

Question 16

What. is Kiesselbach area ?

Answer 16

Kiesselbach area is where all five arteries come together in a capillary bed that can bleed profusely.

ya dont want to be pernched hurr

Question 17

Describe the sinus:

Maxillary sinus

Innervation:

Drainage:

Answer 17

LARGEST

Innervation: Superior alveolar N branches

Drainage: drains via the maxillary ostium -> middle meatus

Question 18

Describe the sinus:

Ethmoid

Innervation:

Drainage:

Answer 18

Innervation: nasociliary N (CN V1)

Drainage:

• anterior & middle ethmoidal cells drain into _middle meatu_s •
• posterior ethmoidal cells drain into superior meatus

Question 19

Sphenoid sinuses

I:

Drainage

Answer 19

I:posterior ethmoidal N

Drainage: drains via the spheno-ethmoidal reecess

Question 20

Frontal sinus

I:

Drains:

Answer 20

I: Supraobitial nerves (CN V1)

2. Drains via the frontonasal duct into the semilunar hiatus of middle meatus

Question 21

what is the Pterygopalatine Fossa

Answer 21

A small pyramid-shaped space that is found inferior to the apex of the orbit

Question 22

Borders of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 22

• Anterior = maxillary tuberosity
• Posterior = pterygoid process of sphenoid (lateral plate)
• Medial = perpendicular plate of palatine bone
• Lateral = opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure Roof = (incomplete) greater wing of sphenoid
• Floor = pyramidal process of palatine bone

Question 23

Openings of the Pterygopalatine Fossa

Answer 23

• Superior = opens into inferior orbital fissure
• Inferior = closed except for palatine foramen

Question 24

What nerve is mainly in the ptergopalatine fossa that we are looking at?

Answer 24

V2

we can see

zygomatic n.

posterior superior alveolar n.

greater palatine n.

lesser palatine n.

Nasopalatine n.

Question 25

Contents of the **pterygopalatine fossa**

Answer 25

Contents: 1. **• Maxillary nerve (CN V2)** 2. **• Pterygopalatine ganglion** 3. **• Third part of Maxillary artery**

Question 26

what does the maxillary. N do within the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 26

Maxillary N (V3) -\> ptergopalatine nerves and zygomatic N -\> [zygomaticofacial n and zygomaticotemporal N zygomaticotemporal N -\> has a communicating branch that conveys parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal N (CN V1)

Question 27

Parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion are from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. finish

Answer 27

**facial nerve (CN VII) via the greater petrosal nerve** 1. **The greater petrosal n. joins thedeep petrosal n. to form thenerve of the pterygoid canal** 2. **The parasympathetic fibers from the greater petrosal n. supply the pterygopalatine ganglion** 3.

Question 28

Sympathetics in the ptergo

Answer 28

* The **deep petrosal nerve** arises from the internal carotid plexus and conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the maxillary n. via the pterygopalatine ganglion (but do not synapse there). * Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers are from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 29

Whatnerves will we see in the ptergopalatine fossa

Answer 29

1. infraorbitalN/ 2. Orbital branches of V2 3. Greater palatine 4. Lesser palatine

Question 30

**LOOK MAINLY. FOR NERVES IN THE FOSSA. A are TOO SMALL**