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Neuro 1 Exam > 7.2 Craniofascial Vasculature II > Flashcards

7.2 Craniofascial Vasculature II Flashcards

1
Q

What are branches of the aortic arch?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk will branch into
    1. R subclavian A.
    2. R common carotid A
  2. L common carotid A.
  3. L subclavian A.
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2
Q

Parts of subclavian A.

A
  • 1ST PART: MEDIAL TO ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE
  • 2ND PART: BEHIND ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE
  • 3RD PART: After ANTERIOR SCALENE MUSCLE -> 1ST RIB
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3
Q

Subclavian A: Part 1 branches

A
  1. VERTEBRAL A
  2. THYROCERVICAL TRUNK branches into:
    1. SUPRASCAPULAR A •
      1. SUPRASPINATOUS M •
      2. INFRASPINATOUS M •
    2. TRANSVERSE CERVICAL A •
      1. TRAPEZIUS M •
    3. INFERIOR THYROID A •
    4. ASCENDING CERVICAL A •
  3. INTERNAL THORACIC A
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4
Q

2ND PART SUBCLAVIAN A.

A

Costocervical trunk; which branches into

  1. Supreme intercostal A.
  2. Deep cervical A.
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5
Q

3RD PART SUBCLAVIAN A.

A
  1. Dorsal scapular A:
    * Supplies rhomboid m and levator scapulae m.
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6
Q

COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

Branches

A

At the carotid sinus, it will branch into

    1. External carotid A.
    1. Internal carotid A.
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7
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

What happens if you press on it?

A
  • Carotid sinus contains baroreceptors that are innvervated by glossopharyngeal N (CN 9).
  • Thus, indirectly modulates our parasympathetic and sympathetic in response to changes in BP.
  • Apply alot of pressure here -> increase BP -> makes you feel like you need to pass out.
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8
Q

EXTERNAL CAROTID MNEMONIC

A

SOME ANATOMISTS LIKE FREAKING OUT POOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

  • S: Superior thyroid A.
  • A: Ascending pharyngeal A.
  • L: Lingual A
  • F: Facial A.
  • O: Occipital A.
  • P: Posterior auricular A.
  • M: Maxillary A
  • S: Superficial temporal A.
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9
Q

SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY branches:

A
    1. Superior laryngeal A, which runs with superior laryngeal N.
    1. Infrahyoid A.
    1. Sternocleidomastoid branch
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10
Q

ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY

Supplies:

A

Muscles of pharynx

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11
Q

Course of lingual A.

A
  1. Goes up and medially the greater horns of the hyoid bone
  2. Goes down and froward, underneath digastric m. and stylohyoid m. Hyopglossal N will cross it
  3. Runs deep to hyoglossus m.
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12
Q

Lingual A Terminal branches

A
  1. Sublingual A: -> sublingual gland and oral floor
  2. Deep lingual A: goes to the base of the tongue and runs with lingual N.
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13
Q

How are the lingual N and lingual A placed in respect to hyoglossus M?

A

Lingual N is superficial to hyoglossus M.

Lingual A is deep to hyoglossus M.

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14
Q

Course of facial A.

A
  1. Arises in carotid triangle
  2. Runs under digastric and stylohoid m, above hypoglossal N.
  3. Enters groove on posterior submandibular gland,
  4. Curves up over the body. of the mandible, running atero-inferior angle of masseter m.
  5. Runs obliquely past nose
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15
Q

FACIAL ARTERY BRANCHES

A

Cervical branches:

  1. Ascending palatine A. -> walll of pharynx, soft palate, pharyngotympanic tube
  2. Tonsillar branch -> palatine tonsils
  3. Submental A (and glandular branches) -> submandibular gland and oral floor

In the face, it branches into:

  1. Inferior labial A
  2. Superior labial A.
  3. Lateral nasal branch
  4. Angular A (terminal branch)
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16
Q

Which A. arises first: lingual A or facial A?

A

Lingual A

17
Q

Facial A/V is anterior to facial A/V

A

Facial A is anterior to facial vein and more torteous.

18
Q

Terminal portion of Occiptal A. runs with what

A

Greater occipital N.

19
Q

Posterior Aurical A. runs with ____________.

A

Posterior Auricular N.

20
Q

Maxillary A. has 3 parts.

What are they?

A

1. Mandibular Part

2. Pterygoid Part

3. Pterygopalatine Part

21
Q

Branches of Mandibular Part of Maxillary. A.

A
  1. Deep Auricular A
    1. Supplies external acoustic meatus, external tympanic membrane and TMJ
  2. Anterior tympanic A
    1. Supplies internal TM
  3. Inferior alveolar A -> supplies mandible, mandibular teeth, chin and mylohoid m.
    1. Mylohoid A
    2. Mental A
  4. Middle meningeal A
    1. Supplies dura matera, trigeminal ganglion, facial nerve, geniculate ganglion, tympanic cavity. and tensor tympani m.
  5. Accessory meningeal A
    1. Supplies extravranial muscle of infratemporal fossa, otic ganglion and sphenoid bone
22
Q

What happens if we hit. pterion?

A

Tear middle meningeal A bc it is outside dura mater -> epidural hemotoma.

23
Q

PTERYGOID PART OF MAXILLARY A

A
  1. Deep temporal A.
    * supplies temporalis m.
  2. Pterygoid branches
    * Supplies pterygoid m.
  3. Masseteric A.
    * Supplies TMJ and masseter M.
  4. Buccal A
  • Supplies cheek
  • runs with buccal N
24
Q

PTERYGOPALATINE PART OF MAXILLARY A

A
  1. POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR A
    * Supplies: MAXILLARY MOAR & PREMOLAR TEETH, ADJACENT GINGIVA & MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF MAXILLARY SINUS
  2. INFRAORBITAL A
    * Supplies: INFERIOR OBLIQUE M, INFERIOR RECTUS M, LACRIMAL SAC, MAXILLARY CANINES, INCISORS TEETH & SKIN OF INFRA-ORBITAL REGION OF THE FACE
  3. ARTERY OF PTERYGOID CANAL
    * Supplies: SUPPLIES MUCOSA OF UPPER PHARYNX, PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE & TYMPANIC CAVITY
  4. PHARYNGEAL BRANCH
    * Supplies: SUPPLY MUCOSA OF NASAL ROOF, NASOPHARYNX, SPHENOIDAL AIR SINUS, AND PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE
  5. DESCENDING PALATINE A
  • Greater palatine A: hard palate
  • Lesser palatine A.: soft palate, palatine tonsils, pharyngeal wall
  1. SPHENOPALATINE A
    * SUPPLIES WALLS & SEPTUM OF NASAL CAVITY, FRONTAL/ETHMOIDAL/SPHENOID/MAXILLARY SINUSES & ANTERIORMOST PALATE
25
Q

Superficial temporal A

Branches run close with what?

A

auriculotemporal N, which carries postganglionic parasympathetic from V3

26
Q

SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY BRANCHES

A
  1. TRANSVERSE FACIAL A •
  2. MIDDLE TEMPORAL •
  3. ANTERIOR AURICULAR •
  4. TERMINAL BRANCHES: FRONTAL A & PARIETAL A
27
Q

Internal carotid A.

A

Does not branch in neck -> goes inside cranial cavity through petrous part of temporal bone via carotid canal -> cavernous sinuses -> carotid groove -> branches into:

1. Opthalamic A.

2. Anterior cerebral A

3. Middle cerebral A.

28
Q

VERTEBRAL ARTERY:

Path:

Fx:

A
  1. Branches off 1st part of subclavian A.
  2. Goes through transverse foramina
  3. Sharp turn when you get above C1

Fx: stretches with rotation. and extension

29
Q

CN: VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY

A

Decreased posterior circulation d/t blockage of vertebral A d/t arterosclerosis when we rotate head or extend.

30
Q

VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY Sx

A

dizziness, vertigo, double vision, slurred speech, N/V

31
Q

VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY risk:

A

smoking, HTN, DB, over 50, family. hx

32
Q

CN: SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME

A
  • Proximal stenosis or occlusion of subclavian A: causing reverse flow of blood from vertebral A to go to the upper extremity -> DECREASE BLOOD TO BRAIN.
  • Sx: syncope, different BP in UE, neurological problems
  • Causes: artherosclerosis, cervical rib
33
Q

SUBCLAVIAN STEAL SYNDROME

Dx:

TxL

A

Dx: doppler US, CT angio

Tx: stent and baloon, endarterectomy

Neuro 1 Exam (24 decks)

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