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Neuro 1 Exam > 3. CN Autonomics Wright > Flashcards

3. CN Autonomics Wright Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ganglia for the general visceral efferent parasympathetics in the head and what CN are they associated with?

A
  1. Edinger-Westphal nucleus -> oculomotor (CN III)
  2. Superior salavatory nucleus -> facial N. (CN VII)
  3. Inferior salivatory nucleus -> glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
  4. Dorsal vagal nucleus -> Vagus N (CN X)
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2
Q

All sympathetic fibers are _________ and arise from the ______________.

A

All sympathetic fibers are postganglionic, arising from superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.

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3
Q

What foramen is associated with which CN?

  1. Cribiform Plate
  2. Optic Canal
  3. Superior Orbital Fissure
  4. Foramen Rotundum
  5. Foramen Ovale
  6. Internal Acoustic Meatus
  7. Jugular Foramen
  8. Hypoglossal Canal
A
  1. Cribiform Plate
    • CN I (Olfactory)
  2. Optic Canal
    • CN II (Optic)
  3. Superior Orbital Fissure
    • CN III (Oculomotor)
    • CN V1 (Opthalmic Branch of Trigeminal)
    • CN VI (Abducens)
  4. Foramen Rotundum
    • CN V2 (Maxillary Branch of Trigeminal)
  5. Foramen Ovale
    • CN V3 (Mandibular Branch of Trigeminal)
  6. Internal Acoustic Meatus
    • CN VII (Facial)
    • CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
  7. Jugular Foramen
    • CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
    • CN X (Vagus)
    • CN XI (Accessory
  8. Hypoglossal Canal
    • CN XII (Hypoglossal)
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4
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise are carried by ______________.

Where do they arise from and where do they synapse?

A
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise are carried by CN 3, 7, 9 and 10.
    • Arise from nuclei in the brainstem
      1. edinger westphal n.
      2. dorsal vagal n.
      3. superior salivatory. n
      4. inferior salivatory. n.
    • Synpase on 4 ganglia in the head.
      1. Ciliary ganglion
      2. Pterygopalantine ganglion

After synapsing, they run with the somatic sensory fibers of the trigeminal N.

      1. Otic ganglion
        1. Submandibular ganglion
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5
Q

Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetics?

A
  1. CN III: Oculomotor
  2. CN VII: facial
  3. CN IX: glossopharyngeal
  4. CN X: vagus
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6
Q

How do postganglionic parasympathetic nerves, then travel?

A

Piggyback on a branch of the trigeminal N to go to the structure that they innervate.

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7
Q
  1. Name the four routes for postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the head.
  2. What routes do they take?
  3. What is innervated by each of these routes?
A

All sympathetic fibers are postganglionic and arise from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. Then can then go to:

  1. External carotid artery plexus to provide vasomotor innervation to the parotid gland.
  2. Facial artery plexus to provide vasomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands.
  3. Internal carotid plexus and either:
    • Become the deep petrosal nerve, which goins the greater petrousal n -> which runs along the facial nerve to get to the pterygoid canal -> becoming the nerve of the pterygoid canal and innervating the blood vessels and sweat glands of the nose
    • Move towards the eye to provide pupillary dilation and accomadation.
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8
Q

What are the symptoms and anatomic correlations of Horner syndrome?

A

Horner syndrome is a lack of sympathetic innervation to same side of the face. It results in PAM: Ptosis, Anhydrosis, Miosis of same side of injury.

PAM Horner is very sympathetic.

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9
Q

What is the one nerve that is PURELY sympathetic?

A

Deep petrousal N.

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10
Q

________ does not carry parasympathetics, but it does all over the head.

What does this mean?

A

Trigeminal Nerve.

Thus, it is good for piggybacking.

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11
Q

What branches of the opthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerves (CNV) piggyback postganglionic parasympathetics?

A
  1. Lacrimal branch, which carries postganglionic parasympathetics to the lacrimal gland.
  2. Short Ciliary branch, which carries postganglionic parasympathetics to the ciliary muscles of the eye and constrictor pupilae.
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12
Q

What branches of the maxillary branch (V2) of the trigeminal nerve (V5) piggyback parasympathetic innervation?

A
  1. Zygomatic branch - more parasympathetics to the lacrimal glands
  2. Greater and lesser palantine - mucosa of the soft and hard palate
  3. Posterior superior nasal branch - to the posterior and superior portion of the nasal cavity.
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13
Q

What branches of the mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve (CNV) piggyback parasympathetic innervation?

A
  1. Lingual branch- submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
  2. Auriculotemporal branch- parotid salivary glands.
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14
Q

What ganglia in the head do CN III, VII, and IX synapse in?

A
  1. CN III -> ciliary ganglion.
  2. CN VII -> pterygopalantine and submandibular ganglia.
  3. CN IX-> otic ganglion
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15
Q

Does the trigeminal N synapse in the 4 ganglia of the head?

A

No.

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) sends its somatic sensory nerve fibers through (not synapsing in) the 4 ganglia of the head and to their terminal locations

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16
Q

What is the parasympathetic contribution of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  1. Parasympathetic fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
  2. -> through the ciliary ganglion,
  3. -> into the constrictor pupilae and ciliary muscles of the eye.
17
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial nerve?

A
  • Stimulates the lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands.
  • Stimulates the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal mucosal glands.
18
Q

Which nucleus is associated with the facial nerve?

A

The superior salivatory nucleus.

19
Q

Recall that the only nerve synapsing in the ciliary ganglion is what?

A

parasympathetic nerves from the oculomotor nerve (CN III).

20
Q

The parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve are carried by what?

A

1. Greater petrousal nerve.

2. Chorda tympani

21
Q

Path for parasympathetic motor info to lacrimal gland.

A
  1. Facial nerve (CN VII) originates at the superior salvitory nucleus of the B.S
  2. Greater petrousal nerve arises from CN VII at the geniculate ganglion and emerges from the superior surface of petrous part of temporal bone -> middle cranial fossa
  3. Greater petrousal n. jointsd deep petrousal n. (sympathetic) at foramen lacerum, forming n. of pterygoid canal.
  4. N. of pterygoid canal -> pterygoid canal -> pterygopalatine fossa -> synapses at pterygopalatine ganglion
  5. Post-synsptic parasympathetic fibers innervate the lacrimal gland by traveling with zygomatic branch of CN V2 and lacrimal n. (branch of CN V1)
22
Q

Path for parasympathetic motor info to submandibular and sublingual gland.

A
  1. Facial nerve (CN VII) originates at the superior salvitory nucleus of the B.S
  2. Enters into the internal acoustic meatus.
  3. CN VII branches into chorda tympani branch superior to stylomastoid foramen.
  4. Chorda tympanic crosses tympanic cavity medial to handle of malleus/
  5. Goes through petrotympanic fissure where it joins lingual n (CN V3) in the infratemporal fossa.
  6. Synapses at the submandibular ganglion
  7. Postsynaptic fibers follow arteries to the submandibular and sublingual salivary gland.
23
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IV)?

A
  1. Innervate parotid gland
  2. Control BV in carotid body (vasodilation) and BP in the carotid sinus.
24
Q

What is the nuclus of the CN IV and ganglion?

A
  • Nucleus: inferior salvitory and nucleus ambiguus
  • Ganglia: Otic ganglion
25
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to parotid glands

26
Q

Which nucleus is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Inferior salvitory. nucleus

27
Q

Which nucleus is assx. with vagus N?

A

1. Dorsal vagal motor nucleus

28
Q

Parasympathetic function of vagus n. (CNX)

A
    1. Innervate smooth muscle and glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera
    1. Innervate cardiac m. and aortic bodies.

Neuro 1 Exam (24 decks)

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