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Neuro 1 Exam > Mouth lecture > Flashcards

Mouth lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The openings for the sublingual duct lie where

A

on either side of the inferior labial frenulum.

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2
Q

Describe the palate

A

Anterior 2/3 is our hard palate made of bone.

Posterior 1/2 is our soft palate made of skeletal muscle. Uvula extends

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3
Q

When swelling, how do the soft palate. and uvula act?

A

They. both elevate and close off the the opening of the nasal pharynx

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4
Q

What is a. fauces

A

opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx.

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5
Q

Explain the innervation of the tongue.

A

Posterior ⅓, both sensation AND taste = glossopharyngeal N (CN 9)

Anterior ⅔ taste = facial (CN 7)

Anterior ⅔ sensory = lingual (branch of the mandibular N. [branch of CN V3]

Movement for the entire tongue = hypoglossal

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6
Q

what CN moves the entire tongue?

A

HYPOGLOSSAL N (CN 11)

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7
Q

What tissue covers tongue

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

action of tongue

A

manipulates and mixed ingested materials when we chew. It compresses partially digested shit against palate- > turns it into a bolus.

helps with swallowing

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9
Q

whats on the inferior surface of tongue

A

attached to oral cavity by. lingual frenulum

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10
Q

what is on the posterior surface of tongue

A

lingual tonsils

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11
Q

what kind of muscle moves the tongue

A

skeletal

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12
Q

When would one produce most saliva?

A

meal time. smaller amounts are continuously. made to. ensure oral cavity. stays moist

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13
Q

____ makes up 99%. of saiva

A

water

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14
Q

What are our three salivary glands

A
  1. parotid glands
  2. submandibular glands
  3. sublingual glands
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15
Q

Parasympathetic axons in what nerve stimulates parotid salivary secretions?

A

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal

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16
Q

Parasympathetic axons in what cranial nerve stimulates salivary secretion in the sublingual and submandibular gland?

A

Facial N

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17
Q

What stimulates mucus secretion from the sublingual gland?

A

Sympathetic fibers from the cervical ganglia.

so when scared: parasympathetics turn off, sympathetics turn on, causing thee sublingual gland to secrete mucus -> mouth gets sticks.

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18
Q

what is the largest salivary gland

A

parotid salivary gland

it makes 25-30% of saliva and it is conducted through parotid duct -> oral cavity.

It opens into the oral vestibule near the 2nd molar on top of mouth

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19
Q

what salivary. gland makes the most saliva

A

submandibular

duct opens from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral side of each frenulum

20
Q

describe sublingual glands

A

sublingual glands only secrete 3-5% of saliva. It is mostly mucosa. It sends 12 sublingual ducts that. open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, behind the submandibular duct papilla

21
Q

Parotid gland secretes _______ secretions

Submandibular gland secretes _______ secretions

Sublingual gland secretes _______ secretions

A

SEROUS ONLY

BOTH MUCOUS AND SEROUS

BOTH MUCOUS AND SEROUS

22
Q

what is the fx of saliva?

A

mostens ingested food so that it can become a semisolid bolus -> easy to swallow.

moistens and cleans oral cavity

Dissolves food modules so our taste receptors can be stimulated

23
Q

how does saliva help to inhibit bacteria growth in mouth

A

has Ab and lysolyzems

24
Q

First step in chemical digestion occurs when

A

amylase in saliva breaks down CARBS

25
Q

First part of the. mechanical digestion process is what?

A

teeth

26
Q

a tooth has what?

A
  1. exposed crown
  2. Constricted neck
  3. one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw.
27
Q

how do our teeth attach to maxilla and mandible

A

roots of teeth fit tightly into the dental alveoli, sockets in the alveolar process of both mandible and maxilla

28
Q

What is a GOMPHOSIS JOINT

A

roots + dental alveoli, bound together by a periodontal L

29
Q

two sets of teeth arise during lifetime. what are they

A

Between 6 months and-30 months after birth: milk teeth (20 teeth).

they. are lost and replaced by 32 teeth.

30
Q

what perm teeth appear first

A
  1. more anteriorly placed perm teeth

2. posterior teeth

31
Q

what are the last teeth. to erupt?

A

third molars (wisdom teeth), in late teens or early. 20s

however, our jaw often lacks room for them so they fgrow at angles or become impacted, which cannot erupt correctly. bc of the angle they. are growing in

32
Q

name deciduous teeth

A

Incisors (2)
Canine (1)
Molars (2)

20 total

33
Q

Name permanent teeth

A

Incisors (2)
Canine (1)
Premolars (2)
Molars (3)

32 total

34
Q

swallowing phases

A
  1. Voluntary phase: bolus of food is pushed against hard palate -> oropharynx d/t tongue muscles * and soft palate while soft palate is being tensed by TVP m.
  2. Pharyngeal phase (involuntary and rapid): bolus moves toward oropharxn, soft palate lifts up, closes nasopharynx. Epiglottis closes the laryngeal openin. Pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus as the supra hyoid m and longitudinal pharyngeal m constrict, elevating larynx.
  3. Esophageal phase (involuntary): ESO muscles contract push bolus -> stomach: soft palate and EP return to original position
35
Q

alimentary layer of cervical viscera

A

Pharynx

  1. nasopharynx: above the uvula -> palatoglossal arch
  2. oropharynx: uvula -> apex of the EPO
  3. Layngopharnx: EPO -> cricoid cartilage
36
Q

what tube is located most anterior?

A

air tubes in front of food tube: LARYNX

bc if airway is compromised, we can get to it quickly

37
Q

how does palate twerk

A
  1. Tensor veli palatini (CN 5) tenses the soft palate: swings pterygoid hamlulus
  2. Levator veli palatini (CNX) elevates the tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube

this is how we swallow

38
Q

what muscle is external to pharyngeal constrictors?

A

stylopharyngeus m

goes in between the superior and middle constrictor m.

39
Q

attachment of superior pharyngeal constrictor m

A

runs to the pterygomandibular raphe and comes off sphenoid bone superiorly

Buccinator is also attached here and projects anterior

40
Q

attachment of middle pharyngeal constrictor m

A

hyoid bone

41
Q

attachment of inferior pharyngeal constrictor m

A

around cricoid and thyroid cartilage

42
Q

what arches are located around the palatine tonsil

A
  1. palatoglossal arch

2. palatopharyngeal arch

43
Q

What nerve can be found deep to the palatine tonsil?

A TAG!

A

glossopharyngeal N !!!!!!!1

in between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

44
Q

3 muscles work together to drop down the cartilage of pharnygotympanic tube (open it) when we swallow to equalize pressure in middle ear (example: on planes)

A

The superior constrictor, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini depress the torus tubarius.

45
Q

What happens if the tensor veli palatini or levator veli palatini are paralyzed?

What nerves innervate them?

A

Oral contents will reflux into the oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction.

Levator veli palatini is the laryngeal branch of the vagus N.

Tensor veli palatini is medial pterygoid N (a branch of V3 — off of the trigeminal)

Neuro 1 Exam (24 decks)

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