Mouth lecture Flashcards
The openings for the sublingual duct lie where
on either side of the inferior labial frenulum.
Describe the palate
Anterior 2/3 is our hard palate made of bone.
Posterior 1/2 is our soft palate made of skeletal muscle. Uvula extends
When swelling, how do the soft palate. and uvula act?
They. both elevate and close off the the opening of the nasal pharynx
What is a. fauces
opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx.
Explain the innervation of the tongue.
Posterior ⅓, both sensation AND taste = glossopharyngeal N (CN 9)
Anterior ⅔ taste = facial (CN 7)
Anterior ⅔ sensory = lingual (branch of the mandibular N. [branch of CN V3]
Movement for the entire tongue = hypoglossal
what CN moves the entire tongue?
HYPOGLOSSAL N (CN 11)
What tissue covers tongue
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
action of tongue
manipulates and mixed ingested materials when we chew. It compresses partially digested shit against palate- > turns it into a bolus.
helps with swallowing
whats on the inferior surface of tongue
attached to oral cavity by. lingual frenulum
what is on the posterior surface of tongue
lingual tonsils
what kind of muscle moves the tongue
skeletal
When would one produce most saliva?
meal time. smaller amounts are continuously. made to. ensure oral cavity. stays moist
____ makes up 99%. of saiva
water
What are our three salivary glands
- parotid glands
- submandibular glands
- sublingual glands
Parasympathetic axons in what nerve stimulates parotid salivary secretions?
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
Parasympathetic axons in what cranial nerve stimulates salivary secretion in the sublingual and submandibular gland?
Facial N
What stimulates mucus secretion from the sublingual gland?
Sympathetic fibers from the cervical ganglia.
so when scared: parasympathetics turn off, sympathetics turn on, causing thee sublingual gland to secrete mucus -> mouth gets sticks.
what is the largest salivary gland
parotid salivary gland
it makes 25-30% of saliva and it is conducted through parotid duct -> oral cavity.
It opens into the oral vestibule near the 2nd molar on top of mouth
what salivary. gland makes the most saliva
submandibular
duct opens from each gland through a papilla in the floor of the mouth on the lateral side of each frenulum
describe sublingual glands
sublingual glands only secrete 3-5% of saliva. It is mostly mucosa. It sends 12 sublingual ducts that. open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity, behind the submandibular duct papilla
Parotid gland secretes _______ secretions
Submandibular gland secretes _______ secretions
Sublingual gland secretes _______ secretions
SEROUS ONLY
BOTH MUCOUS AND SEROUS
BOTH MUCOUS AND SEROUS
what is the fx of saliva?
mostens ingested food so that it can become a semisolid bolus -> easy to swallow.
moistens and cleans oral cavity
Dissolves food modules so our taste receptors can be stimulated
how does saliva help to inhibit bacteria growth in mouth
has Ab and lysolyzems
First step in chemical digestion occurs when
amylase in saliva breaks down CARBS
First part of the. mechanical digestion process is what?
teeth
a tooth has what?
- exposed crown
- Constricted neck
- one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw.
how do our teeth attach to maxilla and mandible
roots of teeth fit tightly into the dental alveoli, sockets in the alveolar process of both mandible and maxilla
What is a GOMPHOSIS JOINT
roots + dental alveoli, bound together by a periodontal L
two sets of teeth arise during lifetime. what are they
Between 6 months and-30 months after birth: milk teeth (20 teeth).
they. are lost and replaced by 32 teeth.
what perm teeth appear first
- more anteriorly placed perm teeth
2. posterior teeth
what are the last teeth. to erupt?
third molars (wisdom teeth), in late teens or early. 20s
however, our jaw often lacks room for them so they fgrow at angles or become impacted, which cannot erupt correctly. bc of the angle they. are growing in
name deciduous teeth
Incisors (2)
Canine (1)
Molars (2)
20 total
Name permanent teeth
Incisors (2)
Canine (1)
Premolars (2)
Molars (3)
32 total
swallowing phases
- Voluntary phase: bolus of food is pushed against hard palate -> oropharynx d/t tongue muscles * and soft palate while soft palate is being tensed by TVP m.
- Pharyngeal phase (involuntary and rapid): bolus moves toward oropharxn, soft palate lifts up, closes nasopharynx. Epiglottis closes the laryngeal openin. Pharynx widens and shortens to receive bolus as the supra hyoid m and longitudinal pharyngeal m constrict, elevating larynx.
- Esophageal phase (involuntary): ESO muscles contract push bolus -> stomach: soft palate and EP return to original position
alimentary layer of cervical viscera
Pharynx
- nasopharynx: above the uvula -> palatoglossal arch
- oropharynx: uvula -> apex of the EPO
- Layngopharnx: EPO -> cricoid cartilage
what tube is located most anterior?
air tubes in front of food tube: LARYNX
bc if airway is compromised, we can get to it quickly
how does palate twerk
- Tensor veli palatini (CN 5) tenses the soft palate: swings pterygoid hamlulus
- Levator veli palatini (CNX) elevates the tensed palate and acts on pharyngotympanic tube
this is how we swallow
what muscle is external to pharyngeal constrictors?
stylopharyngeus m
goes in between the superior and middle constrictor m.
attachment of superior pharyngeal constrictor m
runs to the pterygomandibular raphe and comes off sphenoid bone superiorly
Buccinator is also attached here and projects anterior
attachment of middle pharyngeal constrictor m
hyoid bone
attachment of inferior pharyngeal constrictor m
around cricoid and thyroid cartilage
what arches are located around the palatine tonsil
- palatoglossal arch
2. palatopharyngeal arch
What nerve can be found deep to the palatine tonsil?
A TAG!
glossopharyngeal N !!!!!!!1
in between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch
3 muscles work together to drop down the cartilage of pharnygotympanic tube (open it) when we swallow to equalize pressure in middle ear (example: on planes)
The superior constrictor, tensor veli palatini, and levator veli palatini depress the torus tubarius.
What happens if the tensor veli palatini or levator veli palatini are paralyzed?
What nerves innervate them?
Oral contents will reflux into the oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube dysfunction.
Levator veli palatini is the laryngeal branch of the vagus N.
Tensor veli palatini is medial pterygoid N (a branch of V3 — off of the trigeminal)
