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Neuro 1 Exam > 1. Neuro Neck Myology > Flashcards

1. Neuro Neck Myology Flashcards

1
Q

The neck can be divided into what?

A

1. Posterior triangle

2. Anterior triangle

each with subtriangles

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2
Q

Boundaries of the posterior triangle

A
  • Anterior border: posterior edge of Sternocleidomastoid M.,
  • Posterior border: anterior edge of Trapezius M.
  • Inferior border: Clavicle
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3
Q

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

A
  • Anterior border: midline of the Neck
  • Posterior border: anterior edge of the Sternocleidomastoid M.
  • Superior border: body of the mandible
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4
Q

What are the subtriangles of the posterior triangle?

A

Omohyoid M. further subdivides the posterior triangle into the

  1. Occipital Triangle (above the Omohyoid M.)
  2. Supraclavicular Triangle (below the Omohyoid M.)
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5
Q

Contents of the posterior triangle

A
  1. Anterior, Middle and Posterior Scalene M.,
  2. Levator Scapulae M.,
  3. Inferior Belly of the Omohyoid M.
  4. Splenius Capitus M.
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6
Q

Contents of the Occipital triangle

A
  1. External Jugular V
  2. posterior branches of the Cervical Plexus and the transverse cervical A.
    1. Greater auricular N.
    2. Lesser occipital N.
    3. transverse cervical N.
    4. supraclavicular nerves N.
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7
Q

Contents of the supraclavicular (omoclavicular) triangle

A
  1. third part of the Subclavial a.
  2. Supraclavicular Ns.
  3. Suprascaular A.
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8
Q

What is Erbs point?

A

posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle where the four superficial branches of the cervical plexus—

  1. great auricular N,
  2. lesser occipital N
  3. transverse cervical N
  4. supraclavicular nerves N.

come out from behind the muscle.

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9
Q

Muscles of the posterior triangle

A
  1. Splenius capitis M.
  2. Levator Scapulae M.
  3. Trapezius M.
  4. Sternocleidomastoid M.
  5. Anterior Scalene M.
  6. Middle Scalene M.
  7. Posterior Scalene M.
  8. Omohyoid M.
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10
Q

Trapezius M.

Action:

N:

A

Axn:

  • Extend neck bilaterally
  • SB
  • Rotate face away unilaterally

N:

  • Spinal accessory N.
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11
Q

Splenius capitis M.

Axn:

N:

A

Axn: Extend neck, SB, rotate face TOWARDS

I: posterior rami of C3-C5

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12
Q

Levator Scapulae M.

Axn:

N:

A

Axn: Extend neck, SB

I: dorsal scapular N

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13
Q

Trapezius M.

Axn:

N:

A
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14
Q

Sternocleidomastoid M.

Axn:

N:

A

Axn:

  • extend neck at AO joint bilaterally
  • laterally flex unilaterally
  • rotate face away unilaterally

N: Spinal accessory N (CN 11)

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15
Q

Anterior Scalene M.

A:

N:

A

A:

  • Elevate 1st rib,
  • flex neck
  • SB
  • N:
  • Anterior rami of C4-C6
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16
Q

Middle Scalene M.

A:

N:

A

A:

  • Elevate first rib
  • Laterally flex neck. (SB)

N: Anterior rami of C3-8

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17
Q

Posterior scalene M.

A:

N:

A

A:

  • Elevate 2nd rib
  • SB

N:

  • Anterior rami of C5-C7
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18
Q

Omhyoid M.

Axn:

N:

A

Superior belly and inferior belly of omhyoid m. are separated by fascial slip attach to the clavicle.

Axn: Depress, retract and steady the Hyoid B

N: Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

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19
Q

What is congenital torticollis?

A
  • Fibrous tissue tumor forms in the SCM, causing unilateral shortening; head laterally flexes turns and looks away from the affected side.
    • head tilts ipisilateral
    • rotates contralateral
  • A hematoma can arise and impinge on the Spinal Accessory N. which denervates the Stenocleidomastoid M.
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20
Q

CN: Spasmodic Torticollis:

A

Abnormal tonicity of the cervical muscles (Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles) that is adult onset.

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21
Q

CN: Spasmodic Torticollis:

4 types:

A
  1. Anterocollis: head is pulled forward
  2. Rotational collis: head is upright, but turned
  3. Laterocollis: neck is bent sideways, toward either shoulder
  4. Retrotrocollis: neck is pulled bacl
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22
Q

What N runs in front. of the anterior scalene M?

A

Phrenic N.

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23
Q

What are the 2 ms innervated by spinal accessory. N?

A

1. SCM

2. Trapezius M.

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24
Q

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

A
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25
Q

Muscles in the anterior triangle

A
  1. Mylohyoid M
  2. Geniohyoid M
  3. Digastric M
  4. Stylohyoid M
  5. Sternohyoid M
  6. Sternothyroid M
  7. Thyrohyoid M
  8. Superior Belly of the Omohyoid M
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26
Q

How is the anterior triangle divided?

A

Divided above and below the hyoid bone and posterior belly of digastric m.

  • 2 suprahyoid triangles
  • 2 infrahyoid triangles
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27
Q

What are the two suprahyoid triangles of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. Submental Triangle (anterior)
  2. Submandibular Triangle (posterior)
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28
Q

What are the two infrahyoid triangles of the anterior triangle?

A

1. Muscular triangle

2. Carotid triangle

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29
Q

Contents of the submental triangle of the anterior triangle

A

1. Submental LN

2. Small veins that. form the anterior jugular vs.

3. Submental artery

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30
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle of the anterior triangle

A
  • 1. Submandibular gland
  • 2. Hypoglossal N (CN12)
  • 3. N. to the mylohyoid m.
  • 4. Facial A.
  • 5. Submental A.
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31
Q

Contents of the muscular triangle of the anterior triangle

A

1. Thyroid gland

2. Parathyroid gland

3. Sternhyoid M.

4. Sternothyroid M.

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32
Q

Contents of the carotid triangle of the anterior triangle

A
  1. Common Carotid A,
  2. External Carotid A.
  3. Internal Jugular V.,
  4. Vagus N.
  5. Hypoglossal N.
  6. Spinal Accessory N.,
  7. Superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis
  8. Thyroid Gland
  9. Larynx
  10. Pharynx
  11. branches of the Cervical Plexus
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33
Q

What are the suprahyoid ms?

A

1. Mylohyoid M.

2. Geniohyoid M.

3. Digastric M.

4. Stylohyoid M.

34
Q

Mylohyoid M

Axn:

N:

A

Axn:

    1. elevates hyoid bone, floor of mouth and the toungue

N:

  • N. to mylohyoid
35
Q

Geniohyoid M.

Axn:

N:

A

Axn:

  1. Elevates hyoid bone
  2. shortens floor of mouth
  3. widens pharynx

N:

  1. C1 via hypoglossal N
36
Q

Digastric M

Axn:

N:

A

Axn:

  • Depresses Mandible
  • elevates and steadies Hyoid B.

N:

  • Anterior Belly- N. to the Mylohyoid.
  • Posterior Belly- Facial N.
37
Q

The posterior belly of the digastric m. and the stylohyoid m. run together.

How can we tell the two apart?

A
  • Stylohoid M. stays muscular.
  • Posterior belly of the digastric m. becomes tendinous.
38
Q

Stylohyoid M.

A:

N:

A
  • A:
    • Elevate and retract hyoid bone.
    • elongate floor of mouth
  • N:
    • Facial N.
39
Q

Where is the geniohyoid m?

A

To see it, you have to reflect the mylohyoid m.

Thus, it is deep to the mylohyoid m.

40
Q

What are the infrahyoid ms of the anterior triangle?

A
  • 1. Sternohyoid m.
  • 2. Sternothyroid m.
  • 3. Thyrohyoid m.
  • 4. Omohyoid m.
    • ​Has a superior belly and a inferior belly.
41
Q

Which infrahyoid ms are the most superior?

A

Sternohyoid m., which is in the same plane as the omohyoid m.

When you reflect it back,

you see the thryohyoid m. and the sternothyroid m.

42
Q

Sternohyoid m.

Attachment points:

Axn:

N:

A
  1. Attachment points: manubrium of the sternum -> hyoid bone
  2. Axn: depress hyoid bone
  3. N: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
43
Q

Sternothyroid m.

Attachment points:

Axn:

N:

A

Sternohyoid m.

  • Attachment points: manubrium of the sternum -> thyroid cartilage
  • Axn: Depresses Hyoid B. and Larynx
  • N: Ansa Cervicalis (C2, C3)
44
Q

Thyrohyoid M.

Attachments:

Axn:

N:

A
  • Attachments: thyroid cartilage -> hyoid bone
  • Axn: Depress hyoid bone and elevate larynx
  • N: C1 via hypoglossal
45
Q

Omohyoid M.

Attachments:

Axn:

N:

A

Omohyoid M: has a superior belly and inferior belly

  • Attachments: scapula (shoulder) -> hyoid bone
  • Axn: Depress, retracta and steady the hyoid bone
  • N: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)
    • just lk sternohyoid m.
46
Q

Platysma M

Features:

Axn:

N:

A
  • Features: very superficial and thin
  • Axn: bring corners of mouth dowm and draws skin of neck up
  • N: cervical branch of facial N.
47
Q

Pharyngeal Ms.

A
    1. Pharyngeal constrictor ms.
      * A. Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
      * B. Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
      * C. Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.
    1. Palatopharyngeus M.
    1. Salpingopharyngeus M.
    1. Stylopharyngeus M.
48
Q

What is the axn of the Pharyngeal Constrictor Ms?

A

Constrict the pharyngeal wall to aid in controlled swallowing (peristalsis).

They wrap all the way around the pharynx and insert at the median raphe of the pharynx.

49
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.

A:

N:

A

A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall

N:

  • Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N.
  • Pharyngeal Plexus
50
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M.

A:

N:

A
  • A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall
  • N:
    1. Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N.
    2. Pharyngeal Plexus
    3. branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
51
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M.

Axn:

N:

A

A: Constrict Pharyngeal wall

N:

  1. Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N.
  2. Pharyngeal Plexus
  3. branches of the Recurrent Laryngeal N.
52
Q

Palatopharyngeus M.

A:

N:

A

Axn: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx when we swallow

N:

  1. Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N.
  2. Pharyngeal Plexus
53
Q

Salpingopharyngeus M

Axn:

N:

A

Axn: elevate pharynx and larynx when we swallow

N:

  1. Pharyngeal branch of Vagus N.
  2. Pharyngeal Plexus
54
Q

Stylopharyngeus M.

Axn:

N:

A
  • A: Elevate Pharynx and Larynx when we swallow
  • N: Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
55
Q

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is attached to what?

A

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is attached to the

pterygomandibular raphe, the

pharyngeal tubercle, and the

pharyngeal raphe in the back.

56
Q

What is special about the Salpingopharyngeus m?

A

It originates on the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube), which equalizes pressure from the middle ear and outside world. Increases in pressure in one or another causes our ears to pop.

57
Q

What are the longitudinal ms that lift our pharynx when we swallow?

A

1. Salpingopharyngeus M.

2. Stylopharyngeus M.

58
Q

What. muscles originate from the styloid process and where are. they relative to one another?

A
  1. Stylopharyngeus M
  2. Styloglossus M. (deepest)
  3. Stylohyoid M (most anterior)
59
Q

Name all of the laryngeal ms.

A
  1. Cricothyroid M.
  2. Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.
  3. Lateral Cricoarytenoid M.
  4. Transverse Arytenoid M.
  5. Oblique Arytenoid M.
  6. Aryepiglottic M.
  7. Thyroarytenoid M.
  8. Vocalis M.
60
Q

Cricothyroid M

A:

N:

A

A: Stretch and tense vocal l. by moving the thyroid cartilage down (The arytenoid cartilage doesn’t move because it’s attached to the back of the cricoid cartilage.)

N: External Laryngeal N.

61
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid M.

A: ________

N: __________

A

A: Abducts (opens) vocal fold

N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

62
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid M.

A: _________

N:__________

A

A: ADDucts Vocal Fold

N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

63
Q

Transverse Arytenoid M.

A:

N:

A

A: Closes intercartilaginous portion of Rima Glottidis by sqeeuzing artenoid ms together

N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

64
Q

Oblique Arytenoid M.

A:

N:

A

A: Closes intercartilaginous portion of Rima Glottidis

N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

65
Q

Aryepiglottic M.

A: _____________

N: _____________

A

A: Pulls Arytenoid Cartilages toward Epiglottis

N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

66
Q

Thyroarytenoid M.

A:

N:

A

A: Relax Vocal Fold by pulling arytenoid, cricoids and vocal ms anteriorly.

N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.

67
Q

Vocalis M.

Axn:

N:

A
  • A: Relax posterior part Vocal Fold, tense anterior part Vocal Fold
  • N: Recurrent Laryngeal N.
68
Q

How can we see the laryngeal ms?

A

They are deep to the anterior triangle.

69
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior verterbral column?

A

1. Longus colli ms, which stay neck and separated into 3 different ms.

  • A. Superior Oblique longus colli m.
  • B. Inferior Oblique longus colli m.
  • C. Vertical longus colli m.
  1. Longus Capitis M.
  2. Rectus Capitis Anterior M.
  3. Rectus Capitis Lateralis M.
70
Q

Superior Oblique longus coli m.

Axn:

N:

A
  • Axn: laterally flex neck
  • N: C2-6
71
Q

Inferior Oblique longus coli m.

Axn:

N:

A

Ax: Rotate face away

N: C2-C6

72
Q

Vertical longus colli m.

Axn:

N:

A

A: Flex neck

N: C2-C6

73
Q

Longus Capitis M.

Axn:

N:

A

Axn: Flex head

N: C1-C3

74
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior M

A:

N:

A

A: Flex Head

N: C1-2

75
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis M

A:

N:

A

A: Laterally flex head

N: C1-2

76
Q

Which anterior vertebral column ms stay in the neck and which go into the head?

A
  • Stay in neck: longus colli ms
  • Go from neck-> head: longus capitis m.
77
Q

There are three Zones of Penetrating Neck Trauma divided by what?

A
  1. Angle of the mandible
  2. Cricoid cartilages
78
Q

Zone I includes:

Structures at risk:

A

Zone 1 is from clavicale (root of neck) -> cricoid cartilage

Structures at risk are the:

  • Cervical Pleurae,
  • Apices of the Lungs,
  • Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands,
  • Trachea,
  • ESO
  • Common Carotid A.,
  • Jugular V.
  • Cervical Vertebrae
79
Q

Zone II includes

Structures at risk are:

A

Cricoid Cartilage –> angle of the mandible

Structures at risk are:

  1. carotid and vertebral a.
  2. Jugular v.
  3. Laryngeal Cartilages,
  4. Larynx,
  5. Laryngopharynx,
  6. ESO
  7. Cervical Vertebrae.
80
Q

Zone III includes:

Structures at risk:

A
  • Angle of mandible -> base of the skull
  • Structures at risk:
    • 1. Salivary Glands,
    • 2. Oral and Nasal Cavities
    • 3. Oro- and Nasopharynx.
81
Q

Injuries to Zone _____ are less common, less dangerous but more difficult to repair.

Injuries to Zone ____ are more common and dangerous but easier to access and repair.

A

Injuries to Zones I and III are less common and less dangerous but more difficult to access.

Injuries to Zone II are more common and dangerous but easier to access and repair.

Neuro 1 Exam (24 decks)

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