answers to practice test

Question 1

The child in this case suffers from a fistula that indicates an open malformation. This implies that the defect must be

Answer 1

failure of closure for both an internal and an external structure.

Question 2

A branchial fistula results from failure of closure of

Answer 2

both the second pharyngeal pouch and the cervical sinus, the cervical sinus being the consolidation of the second through fourth pharyngeal clefts, all being external structures

Question 3

A coloboma of the iris is caused by failure of the

Answer 3

the retinal fissure to close during the sixth week

Question 4

________would lead to abnormal development of choroid, sclera, and cornea because these are derived from_______

Answer 4

abnormal NCC formation

Question 5

_____________

would lead to abnormal development of the entire eye because a lens placode may fail to develop or develop abnormally.

Answer 5

Abnormal interaction between the optic vesicle and ectoderm

Question 6

The mastoid fontanelle is located

Answer 6

at the junction of the squamous suture and the lambdoid suture, and it closes at the end of the first year.

Question 7

The sphenoidal fontanelle is located

Answer 7

located at the junction of the squamous suture and the coronal suture and closes at around 2 to 3 months. T

Question 8

The most common cause of cleft lip is failure of fusion of the

Answer 8

maxillary process and the intermaxillary segment

Question 9

Defects located between the lateral nasal prominences (LNP) and the maxillary processes would affect the development of the

Answer 9

nasolacrimal duct

Question 10

A lateral cervical cyst is caused by __________ and would present anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 10

remnants of cervical sinus

Question 11

Accessory thyroid tissue is normally situated along

Answer 11

route of descent of the thyroglossal duct, either in the posterior tongue or along the midline of the neck. A cyst of the thyroglossal duct would be found here too

Question 12

. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, also known as obstructive hydrocephalus, is due

Answer 12

obstruction to flow of CSF within the ventricular system

Question 13

Pain in the hard palate and lower eyelid and anesthesia of the upper lip would be carried by the

Answer 13

maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

Question 14

The palatoglossus is innervated by

Answer 14

vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 15

Dilate the eye

Answer 15

sympathetic innervation from sympathetic cervical ganaglion -> to the face and neck d/t traveling with internal carotid A -> dilate the eye.

Question 16

Constriction of the pupil:

Answer 16

occurs via parasympathetic nerves of oculomotor.

Question 17

PUPILLARY. LIGHT reflex:

Answer 17

The optic and oculomotor nerves are responsible for the sensory and motor portions, respectively, of the pupillary light reflex.

Question 18

The superior salivatory nucleus is the autonomic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII).
• Parasympathetic fibers carried by the _______ of the facial nerve are responsible for supply of the lacrimal gland and sinuses, via the _______ ganglion.

Answer 18

GREATER PETROSAL N

PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION

Question 19

The superior salivatory nucleus is the autonomic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII).

The________ contains the cell bodies for taste from the anterior two thirds of the tongue carried by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. This branch also carries what?

Answer 19

geniculate ga nglion

also carries the parasympathetic supply for the mandibular and sublingual. salivary. glands

Question 20

The auriculotemporal nerve (V3) provides

Answer 20

provides sensory innervation to the temporal regions of the head, the TMJ, and general sensation from the ear.

Question 21

The inferior salivatory nucleus provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) that synapse in the _____ ganglion, providing ______

Answer 21

otic

parotid

Question 22

The pterygopalatine ganglion includes fibers that innervate what

Answer 22

only lacrimation and the nasal sinuses, but NOT taste on the anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 23

Thoracic outlet syndrome can cause

Answer 23

the C7 vertebra and can impinge on the brachial plexus, resulting in loss of some feeling to the upper limb

Question 24

n injury to the oculomotor nerve (CN III) would cause the eye to point

Answer 24

downward and laterally due to the unopposed contractions of the muscles innervated by the trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves

also cause complete. ptosis

Question 25

what helps us open the eyelid

Answer 25

LPS, via oculomotor N (CN3)

Question 26

What helps to close the eyekid

Answer 26

orbicularis oculi VIA FACIAL N (CN7)

Question 27

BLINK REFLEX REQUIRES

Answer 27

CN 2 AND CN7

Question 28

Typically, infections will be located in the loose connective tissue (between the APO and periosteum) because of the ease with which infectious agents spread via the many veins located in this region. This area is usually referred to as the “danger zone” of the scalp mainly because scalp infections here can be transmitted into the skull

Answer 28

EMISSARY VEINS

Question 29

An injury to the left vagus nerve (CN X) would cause the uvula to become deviated to the

Answer 29

RIGHT

Question 30

Maxillary sinusitis is an infection of the maxillary sinus, which is located in the body of the maxillary bone. ______ can be a major symptom of maxillary sinusitis

Answer 30

SHARP PAIN

Question 31

sound is hurting our ear v badly. what. cn could injured

Answer 31

The facial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle, which is responsible for limiting movement of the stapes

Question 32

The ____ nerve innervates a part of the external auditory meatus and, when stimulated, can trigger a cough reflex in about 20% of people.

Answer 32

VAGUS!

Question 33

The deep petrosal nerve carries

Answer 33

sympathetic innervation to the blood vessels and mucous glands of the head and neck. REMEMBER: parasympathetics just. Travels with it but it doesn’t do anything parasympathetic related

Question 34

A 24-year-old man had a third molar (wisdom tooth) extracted from his lower jaw. This resulted in the loss of general sense and taste sensation from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. This loss was most likely due to injury of which of the following nerves? A. Auriculotemporal B. CHORDA tympani C. Lingual: D. Mental E. Inferior alveolar

Answer 34

c. most. Ikely because there is loss of BOTH taste and general sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. B. Chorda tympani: only carries taste, NOT sensation

Question 35

The arachnoid villi are extensions of the arachnoid mater into the ________

Answer 35

superior sagittal sinus

Question 36

Kiesselbach’s plexus (also called Little’s area) is an anastomosis of four arteries on the anterior nasal septum

Answer 36

anterior ethmoidal A Sphenopalatine. A Superior labial A Greater palatine A

Question 37

Four nerves participate in providing cutaneous supply to the neck. The nerves are the supraclavicular, great auricular, transverse cervical, and the lesser occipital. The area over the angle of the jaw and near ear is innervated by the

Answer 37

great auricular N (C2-C3)

Question 38

The lesser occipital nerve innervates

Answer 38

skin in the area of the back of the neck and posterior occiput

Question 39

The supraclavicular nerves originate from C3-4 and innervate

Answer 39

innervate the more inferior aspects of the neck, the upper deltoid region, and skin inferior to the clavicles.

Question 40

. The most likely structures one would encounter while performing a midline incision below the isthmus of the thyroid gland

Answer 40

the inferior thyroid vein and the thyroidea ima arter

Question 41

The ______ branch of the superior laryngeal nerve courses together with the superior thyroid artery for much of its route

Answer 41

EXTERNAL branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Question 42

what happens if damage to The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 42

nerve results in loss of sensation above the vocal cords, at the entrance to the larynx, and loss of taste on the epiglottis

Question 43

The _________provides sensory fibers to the larynx below the vocal cords and motor fibers to all of the muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid

Answer 43

recurrent laryngeal

Question 44

. As a result, an injury to the right greater petrosal nerve would be expected to result

Answer 44

in decreased lacrimal secretions for the right eye greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that are involved in the innervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx

Question 45

. As a result, an injury to the right greater petrosal nerve would be expected to result

Answer 45

in decreased lacrimal secretions for the right eye greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that are involved in the innervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx

Question 46

Horner’s syndrome involves interruption of | sympathetic supply to the face.

Answer 46

This results in ptosis (drooping eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and anhydrosis (lack of sweating) of the fa

Question 47

how would damage to trochlear n affect eye?

Answer 47

The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle, which acts to move the pupil downward and laterally. It is the only muscle that can depress the pupil when the eye is adducted. When an individual walks down stairs, this eye motion is initiated, and diplopia results if it is not functioning properly.

Question 48

what results in partial ptosis of eyelid?

Answer 48

paralyze of superior tarsal m smooth muscle that assists in elevating the eyelids and maintaining this position.

Question 49

what causes complete ptosis

Answer 49

damage to LPS (oculomotor)

Question 50

The ______ mediates general somatic sensation from the pharynx, the auditory tube, and from the middle ear

Answer 50

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 51

The _____ sinus provides the most direct access to the pituitary gland, which is situated directly above this sinus

Answer 51

spejnoidal

Question 52

auditory tube is derived. from what pouch

Answer 52

first

Question 53

what provides sensation to hard palate and soft palate

Answer 53

hard: greater palatine soft: lesser palatine