answers to practice test Flashcards
The child in this case suffers from a fistula that indicates an open malformation. This implies that the defect must be
failure of closure for both an internal and an external structure.
A branchial fistula results from failure of closure of
both the second pharyngeal pouch and the cervical sinus, the cervical sinus being the consolidation of the second through fourth pharyngeal clefts, all being external structures
A coloboma of the iris is caused by failure of the
the retinal fissure to close during the sixth week
________would lead to abnormal development of choroid, sclera, and cornea because these are derived from_______
abnormal NCC formation
_____________
would lead to abnormal development of the entire eye because a lens placode may fail to develop or develop abnormally.
Abnormal interaction between the optic vesicle and ectoderm
The mastoid fontanelle is located
at the junction of the squamous suture and the lambdoid suture, and it closes at the end of the first year.
The sphenoidal fontanelle is located
located at the junction of the squamous suture and the coronal suture and closes at around 2 to 3 months. T
The most common cause of cleft lip is failure of fusion of the
maxillary process and the intermaxillary segment
Defects located between the lateral nasal prominences (LNP) and the maxillary processes would affect the development of the
nasolacrimal duct
A lateral cervical cyst is caused by __________ and would present anterior to the sternocleidomastoid
remnants of cervical sinus
Accessory thyroid tissue is normally situated along
route of descent of the thyroglossal duct, either in the posterior tongue or along the midline of the neck. A cyst of the thyroglossal duct would be found here too
. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, also known as obstructive hydrocephalus, is due
obstruction to flow of CSF within the ventricular system
Pain in the hard palate and lower eyelid and anesthesia of the upper lip would be carried by the
maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)
The palatoglossus is innervated by
vagus nerve (CN X)
Dilate the eye
sympathetic innervation from sympathetic cervical ganaglion -> to the face and neck d/t traveling with internal carotid A -> dilate the eye.
Constriction of the pupil:
occurs via parasympathetic nerves of oculomotor.
PUPILLARY. LIGHT reflex:
The optic and oculomotor nerves are responsible for the sensory and motor portions, respectively, of the pupillary light reflex.
The superior salivatory nucleus is the autonomic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII).
• Parasympathetic fibers carried by the _______ of the facial nerve are responsible for supply of the lacrimal gland and sinuses, via the _______ ganglion.
GREATER PETROSAL N
PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION
The superior salivatory nucleus is the autonomic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII).
The________ contains the cell bodies for taste from the anterior two thirds of the tongue carried by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. This branch also carries what?
geniculate ga nglion
also carries the parasympathetic supply for the mandibular and sublingual. salivary. glands
The auriculotemporal nerve (V3) provides
provides sensory innervation to the temporal regions of the head, the TMJ, and general sensation from the ear.
The inferior salivatory nucleus provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) that synapse in the _____ ganglion, providing ______
otic
parotid
The pterygopalatine ganglion includes fibers that innervate what
only lacrimation and the nasal sinuses, but NOT taste on the anterior two thirds of the tongue
Thoracic outlet syndrome can cause
the C7 vertebra and can impinge on the brachial plexus, resulting in loss of some feeling to the upper limb
n injury to the oculomotor nerve (CN III) would cause the eye to point
downward and laterally due to the unopposed contractions of the muscles innervated by the trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves
also cause complete. ptosis
what helps us open the eyelid
LPS, via oculomotor N (CN3)
What helps to close the eyekid
orbicularis oculi VIA FACIAL N (CN7)
BLINK REFLEX REQUIRES
CN 2 AND CN7
Typically, infections will be located in the loose connective tissue (between the APO and periosteum) because of the ease with which infectious agents spread via the many veins located in this region. This area is usually referred to as the “danger zone” of the scalp mainly because scalp infections here can be transmitted into the skull
EMISSARY VEINS
An injury to the left vagus nerve (CN X) would cause the uvula to become deviated to the
RIGHT
Maxillary sinusitis is an infection of the maxillary sinus, which is located in the body of the maxillary bone. ______ can be a major symptom of maxillary sinusitis
SHARP PAIN
sound is hurting our ear v badly. what. cn could injured
The facial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle, which is responsible for limiting movement of the stapes
The ____ nerve innervates a part of the external auditory meatus and, when stimulated, can trigger a cough reflex in about 20% of people.
VAGUS!
The deep petrosal nerve carries
sympathetic innervation to the blood vessels and mucous glands of the head and neck. REMEMBER: parasympathetics just. Travels with it but it doesn’t do anything parasympathetic related
A 24-year-old man had a third molar (wisdom
tooth) extracted from his lower jaw. This resulted in
the loss of general sense and taste sensation from the
anterior two thirds of the tongue. This loss was most
likely due to injury of which of the following nerves?
A. Auriculotemporal
B. CHORDA tympani
C. Lingual:
D. Mental
E. Inferior alveolar
c. most. Ikely because there is loss of BOTH taste and general sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
B. Chorda tympani: only carries taste, NOT sensation
The arachnoid villi are extensions of the arachnoid mater into the ________
superior sagittal sinus
Kiesselbach’s plexus (also called Little’s area) is an anastomosis of four arteries on the anterior nasal septum
anterior ethmoidal A
Sphenopalatine. A
Superior labial A
Greater palatine A
Four nerves participate in providing cutaneous supply to the neck. The nerves are the supraclavicular, great auricular, transverse cervical, and the lesser occipital. The area over the angle of the jaw and near ear is innervated by the
great auricular N (C2-C3)
The lesser occipital nerve innervates
skin in the area of the back of the neck and posterior occiput
The supraclavicular nerves originate from C3-4 and innervate
innervate the more inferior aspects of the neck, the upper deltoid region, and skin inferior to the clavicles.
. The most likely structures one would encounter while performing a midline incision below the isthmus of the thyroid gland
the inferior thyroid vein and the thyroidea ima arter
The ______ branch of the superior laryngeal nerve courses together with the superior thyroid artery for much of its route
EXTERNAL branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
what happens if damage to The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
nerve results in loss of sensation above the vocal cords, at the entrance to the larynx, and loss of taste on the epiglottis
The _________provides sensory fibers to the larynx below the vocal cords and motor fibers to all of the muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid
recurrent laryngeal
. As a result, an injury to the right greater petrosal nerve would be expected to result
in decreased lacrimal secretions for the right eye
greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that are involved in the innervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx
. As a result, an injury to the right greater petrosal nerve would be expected to result
in decreased lacrimal secretions for the right eye
greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that are involved in the innervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx
Horner’s syndrome involves interruption of
sympathetic supply to the face.
This results in ptosis
(drooping eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and
anhydrosis (lack of sweating) of the fa
how would damage to trochlear n affect eye?
The trochlear nerve innervates the superior
oblique muscle, which acts to move the pupil downward
and laterally. It is the only muscle that can
depress the pupil when the eye is adducted. When an
individual walks down stairs, this eye motion is initiated,
and diplopia results if it is not functioning properly.
what results in partial ptosis of eyelid?
paralyze of superior tarsal m
smooth muscle that assists
in elevating the eyelids and maintaining this position.
what causes complete ptosis
damage to LPS (oculomotor)
The ______ mediates general
somatic sensation from the pharynx, the auditory
tube, and from the middle ear
glossopharyngeal nerve
The _____ sinus provides the most direct
access to the pituitary gland, which is situated directly
above this sinus
spejnoidal
auditory tube is derived. from what pouch
first
what provides sensation to hard palate and soft palate
hard: greater palatine
soft: lesser palatine
