answers to practice test Flashcards

1
Q

The child in this case suffers from a fistula that indicates an open malformation. This implies that the defect must be

A

failure of closure for both an internal and an external structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A branchial fistula results from failure of closure of

A

both the second pharyngeal pouch and the cervical sinus, the cervical sinus being the consolidation of the second through fourth pharyngeal clefts, all being external structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A coloboma of the iris is caused by failure of the

A

the retinal fissure to close during the sixth week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

________would lead to abnormal development of choroid, sclera, and cornea because these are derived from_______

A

abnormal NCC formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____________

would lead to abnormal development of the entire eye because a lens placode may fail to develop or develop abnormally.

A

Abnormal interaction between the optic vesicle and ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The mastoid fontanelle is located

A

at the junction of the squamous suture and the lambdoid suture, and it closes at the end of the first year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The sphenoidal fontanelle is located

A

located at the junction of the squamous suture and the coronal suture and closes at around 2 to 3 months. T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The most common cause of cleft lip is failure of fusion of the

A

maxillary process and the intermaxillary segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Defects located between the lateral nasal prominences (LNP) and the maxillary processes would affect the development of the

A

nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A lateral cervical cyst is caused by __________ and would present anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

A

remnants of cervical sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Accessory thyroid tissue is normally situated along

A

route of descent of the thyroglossal duct, either in the posterior tongue or along the midline of the neck. A cyst of the thyroglossal duct would be found here too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

. Noncommunicating hydrocephalus, also known as obstructive hydrocephalus, is due

A

obstruction to flow of CSF within the ventricular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pain in the hard palate and lower eyelid and anesthesia of the upper lip would be carried by the

A

maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The palatoglossus is innervated by

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dilate the eye

A

sympathetic innervation from sympathetic cervical ganaglion -> to the face and neck d/t traveling with internal carotid A -> dilate the eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Constriction of the pupil:

A

occurs via parasympathetic nerves of oculomotor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PUPILLARY. LIGHT reflex:

A

The optic and oculomotor nerves are responsible for the sensory and motor portions, respectively, of the pupillary light reflex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus is the autonomic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII).
• Parasympathetic fibers carried by the _______ of the facial nerve are responsible for supply of the lacrimal gland and sinuses, via the _______ ganglion.

A

GREATER PETROSAL N

PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The superior salivatory nucleus is the autonomic nucleus for the facial nerve (CN VII).

The________ contains the cell bodies for taste from the anterior two thirds of the tongue carried by the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve. This branch also carries what?

A

geniculate ga nglion

also carries the parasympathetic supply for the mandibular and sublingual. salivary. glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve (V3) provides

A

provides sensory innervation to the temporal regions of the head, the TMJ, and general sensation from the ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The inferior salivatory nucleus provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) that synapse in the _____ ganglion, providing ______

A

otic

parotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The pterygopalatine ganglion includes fibers that innervate what

A

only lacrimation and the nasal sinuses, but NOT taste on the anterior two thirds of the tongue

23
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome can cause

A

the C7 vertebra and can impinge on the brachial plexus, resulting in loss of some feeling to the upper limb

24
Q

n injury to the oculomotor nerve (CN III) would cause the eye to point

A

downward and laterally due to the unopposed contractions of the muscles innervated by the trochlear (CN IV) and abducens (CN VI) nerves

also cause complete. ptosis

25
Q

what helps us open the eyelid

A

LPS, via oculomotor N (CN3)

26
Q

What helps to close the eyekid

A

orbicularis oculi VIA FACIAL N (CN7)

27
Q

BLINK REFLEX REQUIRES

A

CN 2 AND CN7

28
Q

Typically, infections will be located in the loose connective tissue (between the APO and periosteum) because of the ease with which infectious agents spread via the many veins located in this region. This area is usually referred to as the “danger zone” of the scalp mainly because scalp infections here can be transmitted into the skull

A

EMISSARY VEINS

29
Q

An injury to the left vagus nerve (CN X) would cause the uvula to become deviated to the

A

RIGHT

30
Q

Maxillary sinusitis is an infection of the maxillary sinus, which is located in the body of the maxillary bone. ______ can be a major symptom of maxillary sinusitis

A

SHARP PAIN

31
Q

sound is hurting our ear v badly. what. cn could injured

A

The facial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle, which is responsible for limiting movement of the stapes

32
Q

The ____ nerve innervates a part of the external auditory meatus and, when stimulated, can trigger a cough reflex in about 20% of people.

A

VAGUS!

33
Q

The deep petrosal nerve carries

A

sympathetic innervation to the blood vessels and mucous glands of the head and neck. REMEMBER: parasympathetics just. Travels with it but it doesn’t do anything parasympathetic related

34
Q

A 24-year-old man had a third molar (wisdom
tooth) extracted from his lower jaw. This resulted in
the loss of general sense and taste sensation from the
anterior two thirds of the tongue. This loss was most
likely due to injury of which of the following nerves?
A. Auriculotemporal
B. CHORDA tympani
C. Lingual:
D. Mental
E. Inferior alveolar

A

c. most. Ikely because there is loss of BOTH taste and general sensory to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

B. Chorda tympani: only carries taste, NOT sensation

35
Q

The arachnoid villi are extensions of the arachnoid mater into the ________

A

superior sagittal sinus

36
Q

Kiesselbach’s plexus (also called Little’s area) is an anastomosis of four arteries on the anterior nasal septum

A

anterior ethmoidal A
Sphenopalatine. A
Superior labial A
Greater palatine A

37
Q

Four nerves participate in providing cutaneous supply to the neck. The nerves are the supraclavicular, great auricular, transverse cervical, and the lesser occipital. The area over the angle of the jaw and near ear is innervated by the

A

great auricular N (C2-C3)

38
Q

The lesser occipital nerve innervates

A

skin in the area of the back of the neck and posterior occiput

39
Q

The supraclavicular nerves originate from C3-4 and innervate

A

innervate the more inferior aspects of the neck, the upper deltoid region, and skin inferior to the clavicles.

40
Q

. The most likely structures one would encounter while performing a midline incision below the isthmus of the thyroid gland

A

the inferior thyroid vein and the thyroidea ima arter

41
Q

The ______ branch of the superior laryngeal nerve courses together with the superior thyroid artery for much of its route

A

EXTERNAL branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

42
Q

what happens if damage to The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

A

nerve results in loss of sensation above the vocal cords, at the entrance to the larynx, and loss of taste on the epiglottis

43
Q

The _________provides sensory fibers to the larynx below the vocal cords and motor fibers to all of the muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid

A

recurrent laryngeal

44
Q

. As a result, an injury to the right greater petrosal nerve would be expected to result

A

in decreased lacrimal secretions for the right eye

greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that are involved in the innervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx

45
Q

. As a result, an injury to the right greater petrosal nerve would be expected to result

A

in decreased lacrimal secretions for the right eye

greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers that are involved in the innervation of the lacrimal gland, as well as the mucosal glands of the nose, palate, and pharynx

46
Q

Horner’s syndrome involves interruption of

sympathetic supply to the face.

A

This results in ptosis
(drooping eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and
anhydrosis (lack of sweating) of the fa

47
Q

how would damage to trochlear n affect eye?

A

The trochlear nerve innervates the superior
oblique muscle, which acts to move the pupil downward
and laterally. It is the only muscle that can
depress the pupil when the eye is adducted. When an
individual walks down stairs, this eye motion is initiated,
and diplopia results if it is not functioning properly.

48
Q

what results in partial ptosis of eyelid?

A

paralyze of superior tarsal m
smooth muscle that assists
in elevating the eyelids and maintaining this position.

49
Q

what causes complete ptosis

A

damage to LPS (oculomotor)

50
Q

The ______ mediates general
somatic sensation from the pharynx, the auditory
tube, and from the middle ear

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

51
Q

The _____ sinus provides the most direct
access to the pituitary gland, which is situated directly
above this sinus

A

spejnoidal

52
Q

auditory tube is derived. from what pouch

A

first

53
Q

what provides sensation to hard palate and soft palate

A

hard: greater palatine
soft: lesser palatine