0. Flashcards
Fractures of the Hyoid B
Result:
How?
strangulation by compression of the throat.
Hyoid bone compresses Thyroid Cartilage -> difficulty swallowing and maintaining the separation of the alimentary and respiratory tracts.
What are the unique features of the cervical vertebrae?
- Bifed spinous process
- Large triangular vertebral foramen.
- Anterior and posterior tubercles on the transverse processes
- Uncinate processes
- 5. Transverse foramen
- Costotransverse bar
Why do cervical vertbrae have anterior and posterior tubercles on TP?
the anterior tubercle of the transverse process “would have liked to have been a rib.” This is why we have anterior and posterior tubercles
____________ travels in the transverse foramen.
vertebral a.
Mastoid Foramen (transmits what)?
- Mastoid Emissary V.
- Meningeal Branch of Occipital A.
Stylomastiod Foramen (transmits _______)
Facial N.
Mandibular Foramen (transmits __________)
Inferior Alveolar N. and A
Mylohyoid Groove (transmits the _________)
Mylohyoid N.
Mental Foramina (transmit ________)
Mental N. and A.
what houses the submandibular gland?
submandibular fossa
“Cunei” means ____ shaped.
“Cricoid “means ____ shaped.
Corniculate means ____ like.
wedge
ring
horn
Draw and label the thyroid cartilage.
- Lamina
- a. Superior Thyroid Tubercle
- b. Inferior Thyroid Tubercle
- c. Laryngeal Prominence (projects anteriorly)
- d. Oblique Line (insertion for Sternothyroid M., origin for
- Thyrohyoid M.)
- e. Superior Thyroid Notch
- Superior Horn (projects superiorly, joined to the Greater Horn of the
Hyoid B. by the Lateral Thyrohyoid L.) - Inferior Horn (projects inferiorly, articulates with the Lamina of the
Cricoid Cartilage)
Draw and label the cricoid cartilage?
Complete ring of cartilage.
1. Arch.
2. Lamina
Draw and label the arytenoid cartilage?
The arytenoid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage at the articular processes.
- 1. Apex
- 2. Muscular process
- 3. Vocal process
- 4. Articular process.
Draw and label the cuneiform cartilage.
(embedded in Quadrangular Membrane)
Corniculate Cartilage (rests __________)
superiorly on the Arytenoid Cartilage at the Apex
Triticeal Cartilage (embedded in the ___________)
Triticeal Cartilage (embedded in the Lateral Thyrohyoid L.)
Epiglottic Cartilage
Elastic cartilage that narrows down into a stalk.
Stalk of the epiglottis meets. with the lamina of the thyroid cartilage.
Fractures of the Laryngeal Cartilages:
how do we get them?
Results in:
- Typically a result of a blow to the anterior neck in sports or compression by a seat belt in a motor vehicle accident.
- Results in a submucosal hemorrhage and edema, respiratory obstruction, hoarseness and in worst cases a temporary inability to speak.
how is laryngeal cartilage fx different. from hyoid bone fx?
This inability to speak is different from the fracture of the hyoid bone.
Atlanto-Occipital Joint
- Joint classification:
- What bones come together?
- L that hold the joint together:
- Joint classification: Condyloid synovial joint
- What bones come together? Atlas and basilar occipital bone
-
L that hold the joint together:
- Anterior atlantooccipital membrane (prev. called anterior longitduinal L)
- Tectorial membrane (prev. called posterior longitudinal L.
- Posterior atlantaoccipital L (prev. called ligamentum flavum)
C1/ C2 vertebral joint
Compound Synovial Joint (Planar and Trochoid)
Intervertebral joints of C3- S1 are ___________
Symphysis
Zygopophyseal Joint of C1-S1 are _____________
Planar Synovial
C1 is called the _____
atlas
C2 is called the _____
axis
What is special about the vertebral body of C2 vertebrae
It has a odontoid process (dens) that fits into the fovea for odontoid process of C1
Where is the axis (C2), suspectible to damage?
- *1. The odontoid process
2. The vertebral arch.**
C1 (atlas) is weird because
- Has no vertebral body
- Has lateral masses
- No vertebral arch: has a anterior arch and posterior arch
- Has no spinous process
Atlantoaxial joint
is made up of two joints:
1. Median atlantoaxial joint
2. Lateral atlantoaxial joint
Median Atlantoaxial Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
- Joint classification: Trochoid (pivot) synovial joint
- What bones come together? between the anterior articular facet of the dens of the axis (C2) and the facet for the dens of the atlas (C1)
- L that hold the joint together:
-
- Cruciate L.
- Superior Longitudinal Band-> occipital bone to transverse L.
- Transverse L. of the Atlas -> around odointoid process from tubercle of the transverse L to other tubercle.
- Inferior Longitudinal Band -> C2 to transverse L
- Alar L.
- Apical L. of the dens
-
Lateral Atlantoaxial Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
- Joint classification: planar synovial joint between the superior and inferior articulating processes of atlas and axis
- What bones come together? superior and inferior articulating processes of C1 (atlas) and C3 (axis)
Pharyngeal Ligaments
- Pterygomandibular Raphe
- Stylohyoid L; styloid process of temporal b -> hyoid b;
Laryngeal cartilages
Thyrohyoid Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
Joint classification:
What bones come together? hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage.
L that hold the joint together:
- MediaL thyrohyoid L. (body of the hyoid bone -> laryngeal prominence)
- Lateral thyrohyoid L. (greater. horn of hyoid bone -> superior horn of the thyroid cartilage)
- Thyrohyoid membrane (hyoid b. -> superior edge of the thyroid lamina)
Laryngeal cartilages
Cricothryoid Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
Joint classification:
What bones come together? thyroid cartilage -> cricoid cartilage
L that hold the joint together:
- Median Cricothyroid L.
- Lateral Cricothyroid L.
- Cricothyroid Articular Capsule
Laryngeal cartilages
Cricoarytenoid Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
Joint classification:
What bones come together? cricoid cartilage -> arytenoid cartilage
L that hold the joint together:
- Cricoarytenoid L.
Laryngeal cartilages
Cricotracheal Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
Joint classification:
What bones come together? Cricoid Cartilage -> 1st tracheal cartilaginous segment)
L that hold the joint together:
- Cricotracheal L -> first space between tracheal rings
The _____________ leaves some mobility for the arytenoid cartilage. This allows the cartilage to pivot for breathing and talking.
cricoarytenoid ligament
Laryngeal cartilages
Epiglottic Joint
Joint classification:
What bones come together?
L that hold the joint together:
- Joint classification:
- What bones come together? Located between the stem of the Epiglottis and Thyroid Cartilage inferiorly and Epiglottis and Hyoid B. superiorly
- L that hold the joint together:
- Thyroepiglottic L.
- Hyoepiglottic L.
__________ ligament is important for bending when we swallow,When it does not bend correctly, shit does down the wrong pipe.
__________ L. is important for stability.
- hyoepiglottic ligament
- thyroepiglottic ligament
Where is the Fibroelastic Laryngeal Membrane located?
Between laryngeal cartilages
What makes up the fibroelastic laryngeal membrane?
- Quadrangular Membrane (between the Epiglottis and Arytenoid Cartilage)
-
Conus Elasticus (aka cricovocal membrane)
- Lateral Cricothyroid L.
- Vocal L.
Types of fascia of the neck?
- Superficial Cervical Fascia
-
Deep Cervical Fascia; made up of:
- Investing layer (most superficial)
- Pretracheal layer surrounds infrahyoid muscles, Thyroid Gland, Trachea and Esophagus
- Prevertebral layer wraps around vertebral column and nuchal L.
_______________ helps prevent the spread of infection in the Neck caused by tissue destruction
Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
What happens if an infection is located
in between the investing layer and the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia?
not spread inferior to the Manubrium of the Sternum
Infection between the Investing Layer and Visceral Pretracheal Fascia can spread where?
all the way to the Mediastinum.
Infection in the Retropharyngeal Space can also do what?
spread into the Mediastinum and cause difficulty swallowing and speaking.
What is the retropharyngeal space?
lies between the prevertebral and pretracheal deep cervical fascia.
Infections of the Head can also spread where?
into mediastinum, traveling into the retropharyngeal space
What. is located in the carotid sheath?
- common carotid
- internal carotid,
- external carotid,
- internal jugular vein
- vagus nerve.
