NA5

Question 1

What do the vertebral arteries give rise to?

Answer 1

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 2

What does the basilar artery give rise to?

Answer 2

Posterior cerebral arteries
Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
Superior cerebellar arteries

Question 3

What do the carotid arteries give rise to?

Answer 3

Anterior, middle cerebral

Communicating arteries link left and right

Question 4

Anterior cerebral artery

Answer 4

supplies frontal pole, medial and superior surfaces of cerebral hemispheres

Question 5

Middle cerebral artery

Answer 5

lateral surfaces of hemispheres, lenticulostriate arteries (feed basal ganglia and internal capsule

Question 6

Sigmoid sinus

Answer 6

Drains superior and inferior saggital

Question 7

Blood supply to spinal cord

Answer 7

Anterior spinal artery (from vertebral arteries, supply the whole cord)
Radicular arteries (from aorta)
Segmental medullary arteries (from intercostal, lumbar, sacral arteries)

Question 8

Anterior cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 8

1. Weaknes and cortical sensory loss in contralateral lower limb
2. Occlusion that blocks flow bilaterally may result in frontal release, low LOC

Question 9

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 9

If all branches are involved:
Contralateral Hemiplegia (arm worse than leg)
Aphasia if dominant hemisphere
Sensory neglect if non dominant

May see more isolated issues, ie wernickes aphasia

Question 10

Basilar artery occlusion

Answer 10

Complete:
Impairment of consciousness
Bilateral motor and sensory dysfunction
Cerebellar signs-vertigo, ataxia, dysarthria
Cranial nerve signs

Question 11

Posterior cerebral artery occlusion

Answer 11

Webers syndrome: proximal occlusion causing cranial nerve 3 palsy with contralateral Hemiplegia

If thalamus is occluded, will get ballismus or chorea

Cortical vessel occlusion may result in visual field loss

Question 12

Superior cerebellar artery occlusion

Answer 12

Occluded lateral aspect of midbrain
Ipsilateral horners syndrome from sympathetic tract
Contralateral sensory loss of pain and temperature from spinothalamic tract

Cerebellar findings

Question 13

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

Answer 13

Occluded lateral aspect of pons

1. Ipsilateral horners (sympathetic)
2. Ipsilateral facial sensory loss (CN5)
3. Ipsilateral paralysis of lateral gaze (CN6)
4. Contralateral sensory loss (spinothalamic)

Question 14

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome

Answer 14

Affects lateral medulla

1. Ipsilateral Horners syndrome (sympathetic)
2. Ipsilateral sensory loss (cn5)
3. Ipsilateral pharyngeal and laryngeal paralysis (CN10)
4. Contralateral sensory loss (spinothalamic)

Question 15

Occlusion of basilar artery paramedian branches

MIDBRAIN

Answer 15

CN3 palsy
Contralateral tremor (red nucleus)

Question 16

Occlusion of basilar artery paramedian branches

PONS

Answer 16

Abducens nerve palsy
Ipsilateral facial weakness (CN7)
Contralateral sensory loss (medial lemniscus)

Question 17

Occlusion of basilar artery paramedian branches

MEDULLA

Answer 17

Usually bilateral damage

LOCKED IN SYNDROME: total paralysis

Question 18

Lacunar infarcts

Answer 18

Occlusion of deep penetrating arteries, often from HTN

Infarcts usually involve basal ganglia, internal capsule